Bio 99 Midterm 1 Lectures 1-6 With complete
solution
RNA is produced through the process known as - Answers transcription
Central Dogma - Answers DNA-transcription-RNA-translation-protein
Exception to the Central Dogma - Answers RNA viruses: they only have RNA meaning their
Central Dogma is RNA to protein
Telomerase: it makes DNA from RNA, carries an RNA template used to build ends of the
chromosomes
DNA vs RNA nucleotide structure - Answers RNA has hydroxyl in 2- carbon which makes it less
stable than DNA
Which of the following in NOT true regarding ATP?
A. It has a 2'OH group
B. It acts as energy currency in the cell due to the high energy pentose/adenine glycosidic bond
C. It is generated by the cell primarily during oxidative phosphorylation
D. DNA polymerase does not incorporate it into a nucleotide chain
E. All of the above are true - Answers D. DNA polymerase does not incorporate it into a
nucleotide chain
Telomerase - Answers protects ends of a chromosome, extends DNA
, Chargaff's Rule - Answers A=T and C=G
DNA Helix Characteristics - Answers - composed of 2 DNA strands
- anti-parallel
- outside of the helix is a hydrophilic sugar phosphate backbone
- inside the helix are hydrophobic H-bonded bases
The polarity of a DNA strand - Answers only 1 end of a strand has a free phosphate group, and
the other end a free OH group
A and T has how many hydrogen bonds between them? - Answers 2
G and C has how many hydrogen bonds between them? - Answers 3, which is why a helix with
more G-C base pairings will have a higher Tm
DNA denaturation - Answers In vivo: DNA helicase can unwind the strands
In vitro: increase the temp
Tm - Answers melting temp at which 1/2 the DNA strand is denatured
Absorbance of DNA - Answers - double stranded DNA will have little absorbance
-denatured DNA will have higher absorbance because light is being allowed to pass through
Spectrophotometer - Answers measures absorbance of light by a specific molecule
solution
RNA is produced through the process known as - Answers transcription
Central Dogma - Answers DNA-transcription-RNA-translation-protein
Exception to the Central Dogma - Answers RNA viruses: they only have RNA meaning their
Central Dogma is RNA to protein
Telomerase: it makes DNA from RNA, carries an RNA template used to build ends of the
chromosomes
DNA vs RNA nucleotide structure - Answers RNA has hydroxyl in 2- carbon which makes it less
stable than DNA
Which of the following in NOT true regarding ATP?
A. It has a 2'OH group
B. It acts as energy currency in the cell due to the high energy pentose/adenine glycosidic bond
C. It is generated by the cell primarily during oxidative phosphorylation
D. DNA polymerase does not incorporate it into a nucleotide chain
E. All of the above are true - Answers D. DNA polymerase does not incorporate it into a
nucleotide chain
Telomerase - Answers protects ends of a chromosome, extends DNA
, Chargaff's Rule - Answers A=T and C=G
DNA Helix Characteristics - Answers - composed of 2 DNA strands
- anti-parallel
- outside of the helix is a hydrophilic sugar phosphate backbone
- inside the helix are hydrophobic H-bonded bases
The polarity of a DNA strand - Answers only 1 end of a strand has a free phosphate group, and
the other end a free OH group
A and T has how many hydrogen bonds between them? - Answers 2
G and C has how many hydrogen bonds between them? - Answers 3, which is why a helix with
more G-C base pairings will have a higher Tm
DNA denaturation - Answers In vivo: DNA helicase can unwind the strands
In vitro: increase the temp
Tm - Answers melting temp at which 1/2 the DNA strand is denatured
Absorbance of DNA - Answers - double stranded DNA will have little absorbance
-denatured DNA will have higher absorbance because light is being allowed to pass through
Spectrophotometer - Answers measures absorbance of light by a specific molecule
