Test Bank For
The Psychology of Attitudes and Attitude Change Fourth Edition Gregory Maio, Geoff
Haddock, Bas Verplanken, Andrew Luttrell
Chapter 1-11
Chapter 1: What are attitudes and how are they measured?
1. Who proposed that attitudes are mental associations between an attitude object and
evaluations of the object?
a. Alice Eagly
b. Richard Petty
c. Shelley Chaiken
d. Russell Fazio
e. Mark Zanna
Ans: D
2. In the 1960s, attitude research was stimulated by the rise of which perspective in social
psychology?
a. Gestaltism
b. Social cognition
c. Social attribution
d. Interactionism
e. Situational motivation
Ans: B
3. In theory, how does evaluative priming work as a measure of attitude?
a. Presentation of an attitude object automatically activates an evaluation of it, making people
slower to identify congruent adjectives over incongruent ones.
b. Presentation of the attitude object automatically activates extrapersonal associations with
the object, improving attention to relevant words.
,c. Presentation of the attitude object across trials improves memory performance for words
that share the same connotation.
d. Presentation of the attitude object across trials improves attention to words that share the
same connotation.
e. Presentation of an attitude object automatically activates an evaluation of it, making people
faster to identify congruent adjectives over incongruent ones.
Ans: E
4. Greenwald et al.’s (1998) ‘IAT’ is an acronym for the
a. Indirect Attitude Test
b. Implicit Association Test
c. Implicit Attitude Test
d. Indirect Association Test
e. None of the above
Ans: B
5. Why are explicit measures of attitude useful?
a. They are the only reliable measures of attitude.
b. They often predict judgements and behaviour.
c. They allow for effects of cognitive development.
d. They are uncorrelated with implicit measures.
e. They are correlated with implicit measures.
Ans: B
6. Why are implicit measures of attitude useful?
a. They are affected by context.
b. They can account for variance in behaviour that is not explained by explicit measures.
c. They are invulnerable to impression management biases.
d. They require less effort to complete than explicit measures of attitude.
,e. They are more reliable than explicit measures.
Ans: B
7. Samantha wants to look at attitudes towards pornography using an implicit measure. She
believes that people will have negative associations based on the stigma associated with
pornography, but may have positive attitudes themselves because of its erotic nature.
Which implicit measure should she use to tap these positive attitudes?
a. The IAT
b. The AMP
c. The Single Category IAT
d. The Detection IAT
e. The Personalised IAT
Ans: E
8. Which of the following are physiological techniques that have been used to study
attitudes?
a. Facial Electromyography (Facial EMG)
b. Galvanic Skin Response
c. Event-related Potentials
d. Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI)
e. All of the above
Ans: E
9. Why is pupillary dilation in the eye NOT a useful measure of attitude?
a. Pupils react too slowly to stimuli.
b. Pupils react too quickly to stimuli.
c. Pupils dilate for liked and disliked objects.
d. Pupils constrict for liked objects.
e. Pupils constrict for disliked objects.
Ans: C
, 10. The reliability of measures of attitude is high when
a. they predict measures of behaviour.
b. they reveal differences between people that are stable over time.
c. the components of the measure (e.g. different items) are significantly correlated.
d. they include multiple items.
e. b and c.
Ans: E
11. The validity of measures of attitude is high when
a. they are related to other measures of the same construct.
b. they are unrelated to measures of ideology.
c. they are unrelated to measures of personality.
d. they include multiple items.
e. a and c.
Ans: A
12. What are the primary and secondary characteristics of an attitude?
a. Primary: valence; secondary: strength
b. Primary: strength; secondary: emotionality
c. Primary: valence; secondary: emotionality
d. Primary: strength; secondary: valence
e. Primary: cognition; secondary: emotionality
Ans: A
13. The Elaboration Likelihood Model and the Heuristic-Systematic Model are both so-called
dual-process models of persuasion. What does this mean?
a. They specify two phases that may lead to persuasion.
The Psychology of Attitudes and Attitude Change Fourth Edition Gregory Maio, Geoff
Haddock, Bas Verplanken, Andrew Luttrell
Chapter 1-11
Chapter 1: What are attitudes and how are they measured?
1. Who proposed that attitudes are mental associations between an attitude object and
evaluations of the object?
a. Alice Eagly
b. Richard Petty
c. Shelley Chaiken
d. Russell Fazio
e. Mark Zanna
Ans: D
2. In the 1960s, attitude research was stimulated by the rise of which perspective in social
psychology?
a. Gestaltism
b. Social cognition
c. Social attribution
d. Interactionism
e. Situational motivation
Ans: B
3. In theory, how does evaluative priming work as a measure of attitude?
a. Presentation of an attitude object automatically activates an evaluation of it, making people
slower to identify congruent adjectives over incongruent ones.
b. Presentation of the attitude object automatically activates extrapersonal associations with
the object, improving attention to relevant words.
,c. Presentation of the attitude object across trials improves memory performance for words
that share the same connotation.
d. Presentation of the attitude object across trials improves attention to words that share the
same connotation.
e. Presentation of an attitude object automatically activates an evaluation of it, making people
faster to identify congruent adjectives over incongruent ones.
Ans: E
4. Greenwald et al.’s (1998) ‘IAT’ is an acronym for the
a. Indirect Attitude Test
b. Implicit Association Test
c. Implicit Attitude Test
d. Indirect Association Test
e. None of the above
Ans: B
5. Why are explicit measures of attitude useful?
a. They are the only reliable measures of attitude.
b. They often predict judgements and behaviour.
c. They allow for effects of cognitive development.
d. They are uncorrelated with implicit measures.
e. They are correlated with implicit measures.
Ans: B
6. Why are implicit measures of attitude useful?
a. They are affected by context.
b. They can account for variance in behaviour that is not explained by explicit measures.
c. They are invulnerable to impression management biases.
d. They require less effort to complete than explicit measures of attitude.
,e. They are more reliable than explicit measures.
Ans: B
7. Samantha wants to look at attitudes towards pornography using an implicit measure. She
believes that people will have negative associations based on the stigma associated with
pornography, but may have positive attitudes themselves because of its erotic nature.
Which implicit measure should she use to tap these positive attitudes?
a. The IAT
b. The AMP
c. The Single Category IAT
d. The Detection IAT
e. The Personalised IAT
Ans: E
8. Which of the following are physiological techniques that have been used to study
attitudes?
a. Facial Electromyography (Facial EMG)
b. Galvanic Skin Response
c. Event-related Potentials
d. Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI)
e. All of the above
Ans: E
9. Why is pupillary dilation in the eye NOT a useful measure of attitude?
a. Pupils react too slowly to stimuli.
b. Pupils react too quickly to stimuli.
c. Pupils dilate for liked and disliked objects.
d. Pupils constrict for liked objects.
e. Pupils constrict for disliked objects.
Ans: C
, 10. The reliability of measures of attitude is high when
a. they predict measures of behaviour.
b. they reveal differences between people that are stable over time.
c. the components of the measure (e.g. different items) are significantly correlated.
d. they include multiple items.
e. b and c.
Ans: E
11. The validity of measures of attitude is high when
a. they are related to other measures of the same construct.
b. they are unrelated to measures of ideology.
c. they are unrelated to measures of personality.
d. they include multiple items.
e. a and c.
Ans: A
12. What are the primary and secondary characteristics of an attitude?
a. Primary: valence; secondary: strength
b. Primary: strength; secondary: emotionality
c. Primary: valence; secondary: emotionality
d. Primary: strength; secondary: valence
e. Primary: cognition; secondary: emotionality
Ans: A
13. The Elaboration Likelihood Model and the Heuristic-Systematic Model are both so-called
dual-process models of persuasion. What does this mean?
a. They specify two phases that may lead to persuasion.
