1
PORTAGE PHARMACOLOGY MODULE
5 EXAM | ACCURATE QUESTIONS AND
EXACT ANSWERS | GUARANTEED PASS
| LATEST
How are xanthine derived bronchodilators derived? - Correct
Answer✔✔-They are plant compounds found naturally in tea, cocoa,
and coffee called methylxanthines including caffeine, theophylline
and theobromine
How do anticholinergic asthma medications work? - Correct
Answer✔✔-There are receptors for acetylcholine on the surface of the
bronchioles within the lungs. Acetylcholine is a neurotransmitter that
causes bronchoconstriction and increased mucus secretion.
Anticholinergics block the effects of acetylcholine. They cause
bronchodilation and there is a reduced volume of respiratory
secretions.
How do Beta2 adrenergic work to assuage the symptoms of COPD
and asthma? - Correct Answer✔✔-The bronchioles are surrounded by
smooth muscle that is contracting, beta 2 agonists relax these smooth
muscles and dilate the airways. Adenylate cyclase is activated
producing cAMP (cyclic-adenosine-monophosphate) which causes
the relaxation.
How do xanthine derived bronchodilators work? - Correct
Answer✔✔-XDB (Theophyline) comes in tablet and is used to treat
COPD and Asthma its not used very often. It inhibits the enzyme
phosphodiesterase (PDE). PDE is known to inactivate the compound
cAMP. Treatment results in an increase of cAMP and ultimately
bronchodilation. It can also decrease specific chemical mediators like
histamine that are known to drive allergic reactions.
, 2
Of the 5 major types of drugs used to treat COPD and asthma, which
two are considered anti-inflammatory? - Correct Answer✔✔-Inhaled
corticosteroids, and leukotriene inhibitors
What are bronchodilators? - Correct Answer✔✔-They are
medications that improve air flow by relaxing the smooth muscle cells
in the bronchial leading to dilation and increased air flow.
What are some adverse events for the systemic and inhaled
corticosteroids? - Correct Answer✔✔-Systemic: many such as fluid
retention. muscle wasting, metabolic disturbances, increased
susceptibility to infection. Inhaled: oral infection (thrush, yeast
infection of the mouth), vocal cord disturbance (limits side effects big
time)
What are some adverse events of anticholinergics? - Correct
Answer✔✔-Dry mouth and upper respiratory passage - they are also
not quite as a potent bronchodilator as the beta 2 agonists
What are some examples of anticholinergic medications? - Correct
Answer✔✔-ipratropium, and tiotropium - they are first line treatment
for COPD and are also used as add on therapy for additional
bronchodilation in asmtha.
What are some examples of inhaled corticosteroids and what are they
used for? - Correct Answer✔✔-fluticasone, beclomethasone,
budesonide, triamcinolone, and mometasone. They are ICS that are
used for asthma prophylaxis and maintenance as well in combination
with other drugs for COPD
What are some examples of leukotriene inhibitors and what are they
used for? - Correct Answer✔✔-There is only one example, it is
Montelukast and it it comes in a tablet and is exclusively used in the
treatment of asthma for prophylaxis and maintenance.
PORTAGE PHARMACOLOGY MODULE
5 EXAM | ACCURATE QUESTIONS AND
EXACT ANSWERS | GUARANTEED PASS
| LATEST
How are xanthine derived bronchodilators derived? - Correct
Answer✔✔-They are plant compounds found naturally in tea, cocoa,
and coffee called methylxanthines including caffeine, theophylline
and theobromine
How do anticholinergic asthma medications work? - Correct
Answer✔✔-There are receptors for acetylcholine on the surface of the
bronchioles within the lungs. Acetylcholine is a neurotransmitter that
causes bronchoconstriction and increased mucus secretion.
Anticholinergics block the effects of acetylcholine. They cause
bronchodilation and there is a reduced volume of respiratory
secretions.
How do Beta2 adrenergic work to assuage the symptoms of COPD
and asthma? - Correct Answer✔✔-The bronchioles are surrounded by
smooth muscle that is contracting, beta 2 agonists relax these smooth
muscles and dilate the airways. Adenylate cyclase is activated
producing cAMP (cyclic-adenosine-monophosphate) which causes
the relaxation.
How do xanthine derived bronchodilators work? - Correct
Answer✔✔-XDB (Theophyline) comes in tablet and is used to treat
COPD and Asthma its not used very often. It inhibits the enzyme
phosphodiesterase (PDE). PDE is known to inactivate the compound
cAMP. Treatment results in an increase of cAMP and ultimately
bronchodilation. It can also decrease specific chemical mediators like
histamine that are known to drive allergic reactions.
, 2
Of the 5 major types of drugs used to treat COPD and asthma, which
two are considered anti-inflammatory? - Correct Answer✔✔-Inhaled
corticosteroids, and leukotriene inhibitors
What are bronchodilators? - Correct Answer✔✔-They are
medications that improve air flow by relaxing the smooth muscle cells
in the bronchial leading to dilation and increased air flow.
What are some adverse events for the systemic and inhaled
corticosteroids? - Correct Answer✔✔-Systemic: many such as fluid
retention. muscle wasting, metabolic disturbances, increased
susceptibility to infection. Inhaled: oral infection (thrush, yeast
infection of the mouth), vocal cord disturbance (limits side effects big
time)
What are some adverse events of anticholinergics? - Correct
Answer✔✔-Dry mouth and upper respiratory passage - they are also
not quite as a potent bronchodilator as the beta 2 agonists
What are some examples of anticholinergic medications? - Correct
Answer✔✔-ipratropium, and tiotropium - they are first line treatment
for COPD and are also used as add on therapy for additional
bronchodilation in asmtha.
What are some examples of inhaled corticosteroids and what are they
used for? - Correct Answer✔✔-fluticasone, beclomethasone,
budesonide, triamcinolone, and mometasone. They are ICS that are
used for asthma prophylaxis and maintenance as well in combination
with other drugs for COPD
What are some examples of leukotriene inhibitors and what are they
used for? - Correct Answer✔✔-There is only one example, it is
Montelukast and it it comes in a tablet and is exclusively used in the
treatment of asthma for prophylaxis and maintenance.
