Pharmacology Introduction
DRUG TERMINOLOGY
Pharmacology
1) Pharmaco ≈ “drug or medicine”
2) -ology ≈ “study”
3) Pharmacology = study of _________
- Includes study of therapeutic agents as well as diagnostic agents used clinically
drugs
DRUG TERMINOLOGY
A drug is a chemical compound administered to:
1) Diagnose ___________
2) Treat ____________
3) Prevent __________ and ___________
1) conditions
2) conditions
3) conditions, diseases
DRUG TERMINOLOGY
A drug is used to:
1) Alleviate ___________
2) Control or improve ___________ conditions
3) Control or improve ___________ conditions
- May act locally or systemically depending on formulation and route of administration
- Diagnostic substances (e.g., contrast agents) also qualify as drugs
,1) pain
2) physiologic
3) pathologic
PHARMACOKINETICS (PK)
Definition
1) Describes how the ________ processes a _________ over time
2) Focuses on what the _________ does to the _________
1) body, drug
2) body, drug
PHARMACOKINETICS (PK)
Core Components (ADME)
1) Absorption – movement of drug into __________ __________
2) Distribution – movement of drug from _______ to __________
3) Metabolism – ____________ ___________ of drug, primarily ____________
4) Elimination – ___________ of drug from the body
1) systemic circulation
2) blood, tissues
3) chemical alteration, hepatic
4) removal
PHARMACOKINETICS (PK)
Clinical Relevance
Influences: _________ & ________ intervals
Reflected in: ________ concentration vs. ________ curves
- Y-axis: plasma concentration
- X-axis: time after administration
Determines:
1. Onset of action
2. Duration of action
, 3. Guides safe and effective prescribing decisions
Dosages & Dosing
Plasma, time
Plasma concentration vs. time curve
1) Absorption phase (rising part)
-Drug is entering the bloodstream faster than it’s being removed
-Concentration goes up
2) Cmax: The highest (peak) blood concentration the drug reaches
3) Tmax: The time it takes to reach Cmax
-Often tells you how fast the drug starts working
4) Elimination phase (falling part)
-Drug is being removed (metabolized/excreted) faster than it’s being absorbed
-Concentration goes down
5) Cmin: The lowest concentration before the next dose
-Important for making sure the drug stays above the therapeutic level
6) Area under the curve: The shaded area under the curve = total drug exposure
-Bigger AUC = more overall drug absorbed into the body
V. PHARMACODYNAMICS (PD)
Definition
1) Describes the __________ effect of a drug on the body
2) Focuses on what the ________ does to the ________
1) therapeutic
2) drug, body
V. PHARMACODYNAMICS (PD)
Includes
1) __________ effects
DRUG TERMINOLOGY
Pharmacology
1) Pharmaco ≈ “drug or medicine”
2) -ology ≈ “study”
3) Pharmacology = study of _________
- Includes study of therapeutic agents as well as diagnostic agents used clinically
drugs
DRUG TERMINOLOGY
A drug is a chemical compound administered to:
1) Diagnose ___________
2) Treat ____________
3) Prevent __________ and ___________
1) conditions
2) conditions
3) conditions, diseases
DRUG TERMINOLOGY
A drug is used to:
1) Alleviate ___________
2) Control or improve ___________ conditions
3) Control or improve ___________ conditions
- May act locally or systemically depending on formulation and route of administration
- Diagnostic substances (e.g., contrast agents) also qualify as drugs
,1) pain
2) physiologic
3) pathologic
PHARMACOKINETICS (PK)
Definition
1) Describes how the ________ processes a _________ over time
2) Focuses on what the _________ does to the _________
1) body, drug
2) body, drug
PHARMACOKINETICS (PK)
Core Components (ADME)
1) Absorption – movement of drug into __________ __________
2) Distribution – movement of drug from _______ to __________
3) Metabolism – ____________ ___________ of drug, primarily ____________
4) Elimination – ___________ of drug from the body
1) systemic circulation
2) blood, tissues
3) chemical alteration, hepatic
4) removal
PHARMACOKINETICS (PK)
Clinical Relevance
Influences: _________ & ________ intervals
Reflected in: ________ concentration vs. ________ curves
- Y-axis: plasma concentration
- X-axis: time after administration
Determines:
1. Onset of action
2. Duration of action
, 3. Guides safe and effective prescribing decisions
Dosages & Dosing
Plasma, time
Plasma concentration vs. time curve
1) Absorption phase (rising part)
-Drug is entering the bloodstream faster than it’s being removed
-Concentration goes up
2) Cmax: The highest (peak) blood concentration the drug reaches
3) Tmax: The time it takes to reach Cmax
-Often tells you how fast the drug starts working
4) Elimination phase (falling part)
-Drug is being removed (metabolized/excreted) faster than it’s being absorbed
-Concentration goes down
5) Cmin: The lowest concentration before the next dose
-Important for making sure the drug stays above the therapeutic level
6) Area under the curve: The shaded area under the curve = total drug exposure
-Bigger AUC = more overall drug absorbed into the body
V. PHARMACODYNAMICS (PD)
Definition
1) Describes the __________ effect of a drug on the body
2) Focuses on what the ________ does to the ________
1) therapeutic
2) drug, body
V. PHARMACODYNAMICS (PD)
Includes
1) __________ effects
