Karch Pharmacology Ch. 2 - Drugs and the
Body
Drugs do not metabolize the same way in all people. For what patient would a nurse expect to
assess for an alteration in drug metabolism?
a. A 35-year-old woman with cervical cancer
b. A 41-year-old man with kidney stones
c. A 50-year-old man with cirrhosis of the liver
d. A 62-year-old woman in acute renal failure ------- ✔ CORRECT ANSWER ✓✓c.
The liver is the most important site of drug metabolism. If the liver is not functioning effectively,
as in patients with cirrhosis, drugs will not metabolize normally so that toxic levels could
develop unless dosage is reduced. A patient with cervical cancer or kidney stones would not be
expected to have altered ability to metabolize drugs so long as no liver damage existed. The
patient with renal failure would have altered excretion of the drugs through the renal system
but metabolism would not be impacted.
A patient presents to the emergency department with a drug level of 50 units/mL. The half-life
of this drug is 1 hour. With this drug, concentrations above 25 units/mL are considered toxic and
no more drug is given. How long will it take for the blood level to reach the non-toxic range?
a. 30 minutes
b. 1 hour
c. 2 hours
d. 3 hours ------- ✔ CORRECT ANSWER ✓✓b.
,Half-life is the time required for the serum concentration of a drug to decrease by 50%. After 1
hour, the serum concentration would be 25 units/mL (50/2) if the body can properly metabolize
and excrete the drug. After 2 hours, the serum concentration would be 12.5 units/mL (25/2) and
reach the nontoxic range. In 30 minutes the drug level would be 37.5 units/mL, whereas in 3
hours the drug level would be 6.25.
A patient has recently moved from Vermont to Southern Florida. The patient presents to the
clinic complaining of "dizzy spells and weakness." While conducting the admission assessment,
the patient tells the nurse that he have been on the same antihypertensive drug for 6 years and
had stable blood pressures and no adverse effects. Since his move, he has been having
problems and he feels that the drug is no longer effective. The clinic nurse knows that one
possible reason for the change in the effectiveness of the drug could be what?
a. The impact of the placebo effect on the patient's response.
b. The accumulative effect of the drug if it has been taken for many years.
c. The impact of the warmer environment on the patient's physical status.
d. Problems with patient compliance with the drug regimen while on vacation. ------- ✔
CORRECT ANSWER ✓✓c.
Antihypertensive drugs work to decrease the blood pressure. When a patient goes to a climate
that is much warmer than usual, blood vessels dilate and the blood pressure falls. If a patient is
taking an antihypertensive drug and moves to a warmer climate, there is a chance that the
patient's blood pressure will drop too low, resulting in dizziness and feelings of weakness. Even
mild dehydration could exacerbate these effects. Most antihypertensives are metabolized and
excreted and do not accumulate in the body. Patients must be very compliant with their drug
regimen on vacation. After several years on an antihypertensive drug, the effects of that drug
are known; therefore, the placebo effect should not be an issue.
An important concept taught by the nurse when providing medication teaching is the need to
provide a complete list of medications taken to health care providers to avoid what?
, a. Spending large amounts of money on medications
b. Allergic reactions to medications
c. Drug-drug interactions
d. Critical concentrations of medications in the body ------- ✔ CORRECT ANSWER ✓✓c.
It is important that all health care providers have a complete list of the patient's medications to
avoid drug-drug interactions caused by one provider ordering a medication, unaware of another
medication the patient is taking that could interact with the new prescription. Using the same
pharmacist for all prescriptions will also help to prevent this from happening. Informing the
provider of all medications taken will not reduce costs of medications, which is best
accomplished by requesting generic medications. Allergies should be disclosed to all health care
providers as well, but this is not why it is important to provide a complete list of medications
taken. Critical concentrations are desirable because that is the amount of drug needed to cause
a therapeutic effect, or, in other words, to have the effect the drug is prescribed for.
A pharmacology student asks the instructor what an accurate description of a drug agonist is.
What is the instructor's best response?
a. A drug that reacts with a receptor site on a cell preventing a reaction with another chemical
on a different receptor site
b. A drug that interferes with the enzyme systems that act as catalyst for different chemical
reactions
c. A drug that interacts directly with receptor sites to cause the same activity that a natural
chemical would cause at that site
d. A drug that reacts with receptor sites to block normal stimulation, producing no effect -------
✔ CORRECT ANSWER ✓✓c.
Agonists are drugs that produce effects similar to those produced by naturally occurring
neurotransmitters, hormones, or other substances found in the body. Noncompetitive
antagonists are drugs that react with some receptor sites preventing the reaction of another
Body
Drugs do not metabolize the same way in all people. For what patient would a nurse expect to
assess for an alteration in drug metabolism?
a. A 35-year-old woman with cervical cancer
b. A 41-year-old man with kidney stones
c. A 50-year-old man with cirrhosis of the liver
d. A 62-year-old woman in acute renal failure ------- ✔ CORRECT ANSWER ✓✓c.
The liver is the most important site of drug metabolism. If the liver is not functioning effectively,
as in patients with cirrhosis, drugs will not metabolize normally so that toxic levels could
develop unless dosage is reduced. A patient with cervical cancer or kidney stones would not be
expected to have altered ability to metabolize drugs so long as no liver damage existed. The
patient with renal failure would have altered excretion of the drugs through the renal system
but metabolism would not be impacted.
A patient presents to the emergency department with a drug level of 50 units/mL. The half-life
of this drug is 1 hour. With this drug, concentrations above 25 units/mL are considered toxic and
no more drug is given. How long will it take for the blood level to reach the non-toxic range?
a. 30 minutes
b. 1 hour
c. 2 hours
d. 3 hours ------- ✔ CORRECT ANSWER ✓✓b.
,Half-life is the time required for the serum concentration of a drug to decrease by 50%. After 1
hour, the serum concentration would be 25 units/mL (50/2) if the body can properly metabolize
and excrete the drug. After 2 hours, the serum concentration would be 12.5 units/mL (25/2) and
reach the nontoxic range. In 30 minutes the drug level would be 37.5 units/mL, whereas in 3
hours the drug level would be 6.25.
A patient has recently moved from Vermont to Southern Florida. The patient presents to the
clinic complaining of "dizzy spells and weakness." While conducting the admission assessment,
the patient tells the nurse that he have been on the same antihypertensive drug for 6 years and
had stable blood pressures and no adverse effects. Since his move, he has been having
problems and he feels that the drug is no longer effective. The clinic nurse knows that one
possible reason for the change in the effectiveness of the drug could be what?
a. The impact of the placebo effect on the patient's response.
b. The accumulative effect of the drug if it has been taken for many years.
c. The impact of the warmer environment on the patient's physical status.
d. Problems with patient compliance with the drug regimen while on vacation. ------- ✔
CORRECT ANSWER ✓✓c.
Antihypertensive drugs work to decrease the blood pressure. When a patient goes to a climate
that is much warmer than usual, blood vessels dilate and the blood pressure falls. If a patient is
taking an antihypertensive drug and moves to a warmer climate, there is a chance that the
patient's blood pressure will drop too low, resulting in dizziness and feelings of weakness. Even
mild dehydration could exacerbate these effects. Most antihypertensives are metabolized and
excreted and do not accumulate in the body. Patients must be very compliant with their drug
regimen on vacation. After several years on an antihypertensive drug, the effects of that drug
are known; therefore, the placebo effect should not be an issue.
An important concept taught by the nurse when providing medication teaching is the need to
provide a complete list of medications taken to health care providers to avoid what?
, a. Spending large amounts of money on medications
b. Allergic reactions to medications
c. Drug-drug interactions
d. Critical concentrations of medications in the body ------- ✔ CORRECT ANSWER ✓✓c.
It is important that all health care providers have a complete list of the patient's medications to
avoid drug-drug interactions caused by one provider ordering a medication, unaware of another
medication the patient is taking that could interact with the new prescription. Using the same
pharmacist for all prescriptions will also help to prevent this from happening. Informing the
provider of all medications taken will not reduce costs of medications, which is best
accomplished by requesting generic medications. Allergies should be disclosed to all health care
providers as well, but this is not why it is important to provide a complete list of medications
taken. Critical concentrations are desirable because that is the amount of drug needed to cause
a therapeutic effect, or, in other words, to have the effect the drug is prescribed for.
A pharmacology student asks the instructor what an accurate description of a drug agonist is.
What is the instructor's best response?
a. A drug that reacts with a receptor site on a cell preventing a reaction with another chemical
on a different receptor site
b. A drug that interferes with the enzyme systems that act as catalyst for different chemical
reactions
c. A drug that interacts directly with receptor sites to cause the same activity that a natural
chemical would cause at that site
d. A drug that reacts with receptor sites to block normal stimulation, producing no effect -------
✔ CORRECT ANSWER ✓✓c.
Agonists are drugs that produce effects similar to those produced by naturally occurring
neurotransmitters, hormones, or other substances found in the body. Noncompetitive
antagonists are drugs that react with some receptor sites preventing the reaction of another
