Biology 181 Exam 1
Cell Theory - CORRECT ANSWER -cells are the smallest unit of life
-all living organisms are made of cells
-all new cells come from preexisting cells
Cells - CORRECT ANSWER ______________ are so small because they have to
have a large SA/V ratio to be more efficient, the acquisition of nutrients, export products,
getting rid of waste
Struture - CORRECT ANSWER ______________ follows function and vice versa
Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic - CORRECT ANSWER 2 types of cells are
Prokaryotic - CORRECT ANSWER ______________ cells are:
-unicellular
-bacteria and archaea domains
-smaller
-less complex
-older (first cells)
-can live anywhere
Eukaryotic - CORRECT ANSWER ______________ cells are:
-Eukarya domain (plants, animals, fungi, protists)
-have membrane bound organelles that allow for division of labor and function
-compartmentalized
Prokaryotes Eukaryotes - CORRECT ANSWER __________________ cells and
__________________ cells have ribosomes, plasma membrane, DNA and RNA, and
Carbohydrates
Compartmentalization - CORRECT ANSWER ______________ allows for seperation
of chemical reactions, can have multiple things happen at once, and more efficient
allocation of resources
Ribosomes - CORRECT ANSWER The site of protein synthesis
Cytoplasm - CORRECT ANSWER The site of metabolism and is everything inside the
plasma membrane
Plasma Membrane - CORRECT ANSWER The membrane that controls movement of
substances into and out of the cell and is the site of cell signaling
Plasma Membrane - CORRECT ANSWER Encloses the cytoplasm and is the
boundary of cell
Nuclear Pore - CORRECT ANSWER The passageway for molecules into and out of
the nucleus
Chromatin - CORRECT ANSWER A complex of protein and DNA
Cytosol - CORRECT ANSWER The site of many metabolic pathways and is the fluid
inside the cell surrounding the nucleus and organelles
Centrosome - CORRECT ANSWER The site where microtubules grow and centrioles
are found
Central Vacuole - CORRECT ANSWER The site that provides storage and regulates
cell volume
Chloroplast - CORRECT ANSWER The site of photosynthesis
Cell Wall - CORRECT ANSWER The structure that provides cell support
, Cell Wall - CORRECT ANSWER The structure that provides cell support and
protection; The rigid layer outside the plasma membrane
Nucleoid - CORRECT ANSWER The site where DNA is found in prokaryotes
Glycocalyx - CORRECT ANSWER The outer gelatinous covering and helps attach to
surfaces
Flagellum - CORRECT ANSWER Allows certain bacteria to swim with its long
appendages
Pili - CORRECT ANSWER Located in prokaryotic cells and allows bacteria to attach to
surfaces and each other; thin projections for attachment
Lysosomes - CORRECT ANSWER The Tay-Sachs Disease is a disease caused by
malfunction in the __________________
Plasma Membrane - CORRECT ANSWER Cystic Fibrosis is a disease caused by
malfunction in the __________________
Mitochondria - CORRECT ANSWER Mitrochondrial Disease is a disease caused by
malfunction in the __________________
Peroxisomes - CORRECT ANSWER The X-Linked Adrenoleukodystrophy Disease
(ALD) is a disease caused by malfunction in the __________________
Cytoskeleton - CORRECT ANSWER Is made of protein, network dynamic, and made
up of 3 types of filaments called microtubules, intermediate filaments, and actin
filaments
Microtubules - CORRECT ANSWER -Thickest filament
-Made of protein called tublin
-Produced in microtubule organizing center
-Functions:
Participates in cell shape
Moves chromosomes in cel division
Forms flagella and cilia
**Organelle movement**
Formation of cell plate (participates in cytokineses in plant cells)
Intermediate Filaments - CORRECT ANSWER -Intermediate in size
-Functions:
Participates in cell shape
Anchor nucleus and organelles
**Keeps organelles in place**
Actin Filaments - CORRECT ANSWER -Also called microfilaments
-Thinest
-Functions:
Participates in cell shape
**Moves organelles***
Cytokinesis in animal cells
Nucleus - CORRECT ANSWER Protects the DNA, organizes and replicates DNA,
expression of DNA- it is inside the __________________ where the decision of which
proteins to produce is made
Nuclear Envelope - CORRECT ANSWER The double membrane that encloses the
nucleus and has openings (nuclear pores) that central passage of materials (in) and
products (out)
Cell Theory - CORRECT ANSWER -cells are the smallest unit of life
-all living organisms are made of cells
-all new cells come from preexisting cells
Cells - CORRECT ANSWER ______________ are so small because they have to
have a large SA/V ratio to be more efficient, the acquisition of nutrients, export products,
getting rid of waste
Struture - CORRECT ANSWER ______________ follows function and vice versa
Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic - CORRECT ANSWER 2 types of cells are
Prokaryotic - CORRECT ANSWER ______________ cells are:
-unicellular
-bacteria and archaea domains
-smaller
-less complex
-older (first cells)
-can live anywhere
Eukaryotic - CORRECT ANSWER ______________ cells are:
-Eukarya domain (plants, animals, fungi, protists)
-have membrane bound organelles that allow for division of labor and function
-compartmentalized
Prokaryotes Eukaryotes - CORRECT ANSWER __________________ cells and
__________________ cells have ribosomes, plasma membrane, DNA and RNA, and
Carbohydrates
Compartmentalization - CORRECT ANSWER ______________ allows for seperation
of chemical reactions, can have multiple things happen at once, and more efficient
allocation of resources
Ribosomes - CORRECT ANSWER The site of protein synthesis
Cytoplasm - CORRECT ANSWER The site of metabolism and is everything inside the
plasma membrane
Plasma Membrane - CORRECT ANSWER The membrane that controls movement of
substances into and out of the cell and is the site of cell signaling
Plasma Membrane - CORRECT ANSWER Encloses the cytoplasm and is the
boundary of cell
Nuclear Pore - CORRECT ANSWER The passageway for molecules into and out of
the nucleus
Chromatin - CORRECT ANSWER A complex of protein and DNA
Cytosol - CORRECT ANSWER The site of many metabolic pathways and is the fluid
inside the cell surrounding the nucleus and organelles
Centrosome - CORRECT ANSWER The site where microtubules grow and centrioles
are found
Central Vacuole - CORRECT ANSWER The site that provides storage and regulates
cell volume
Chloroplast - CORRECT ANSWER The site of photosynthesis
Cell Wall - CORRECT ANSWER The structure that provides cell support
, Cell Wall - CORRECT ANSWER The structure that provides cell support and
protection; The rigid layer outside the plasma membrane
Nucleoid - CORRECT ANSWER The site where DNA is found in prokaryotes
Glycocalyx - CORRECT ANSWER The outer gelatinous covering and helps attach to
surfaces
Flagellum - CORRECT ANSWER Allows certain bacteria to swim with its long
appendages
Pili - CORRECT ANSWER Located in prokaryotic cells and allows bacteria to attach to
surfaces and each other; thin projections for attachment
Lysosomes - CORRECT ANSWER The Tay-Sachs Disease is a disease caused by
malfunction in the __________________
Plasma Membrane - CORRECT ANSWER Cystic Fibrosis is a disease caused by
malfunction in the __________________
Mitochondria - CORRECT ANSWER Mitrochondrial Disease is a disease caused by
malfunction in the __________________
Peroxisomes - CORRECT ANSWER The X-Linked Adrenoleukodystrophy Disease
(ALD) is a disease caused by malfunction in the __________________
Cytoskeleton - CORRECT ANSWER Is made of protein, network dynamic, and made
up of 3 types of filaments called microtubules, intermediate filaments, and actin
filaments
Microtubules - CORRECT ANSWER -Thickest filament
-Made of protein called tublin
-Produced in microtubule organizing center
-Functions:
Participates in cell shape
Moves chromosomes in cel division
Forms flagella and cilia
**Organelle movement**
Formation of cell plate (participates in cytokineses in plant cells)
Intermediate Filaments - CORRECT ANSWER -Intermediate in size
-Functions:
Participates in cell shape
Anchor nucleus and organelles
**Keeps organelles in place**
Actin Filaments - CORRECT ANSWER -Also called microfilaments
-Thinest
-Functions:
Participates in cell shape
**Moves organelles***
Cytokinesis in animal cells
Nucleus - CORRECT ANSWER Protects the DNA, organizes and replicates DNA,
expression of DNA- it is inside the __________________ where the decision of which
proteins to produce is made
Nuclear Envelope - CORRECT ANSWER The double membrane that encloses the
nucleus and has openings (nuclear pores) that central passage of materials (in) and
products (out)
