Psych 131 - UC Berkeley UPDATED ACTUAL Questions and
CORRECT Answers
How does childhood differ from the middle ages to the - children worked before 6 yo for economic survival
present? - in present times, there are a lot of rules to prevent child labor
How long does psychopathology last? - unfolds across lifespan
- adult manifestations have origins before age 18
What most an individual display before the designation of - impairment and dysfunction
a mental illness?
What is dysfunction? - failure of mental mechanism to perform natural function
Why is serious mental illness associated with reductions - high-risk lifestyles
in life expectancies of 10-25 years? - lack of medical care
- suicide or homicide
- cooccurring chronic and infectious illnesses
- unhealthy practices
What is a major barrier in treating mental illness? - highly stigmatized since the media portrays the mentally ill as being violent and
mental health is seen as a lower priority
What is homotypic continuity? - describes the unfolding of a single class of behavioral/emotional disturbance
over time
- ex. aggression
What is heterotypic continuity? - actual form of trait changes with development
- ex. tantrums as a toddler doesn't mean they will have tantrums in adolescence
Why have rates of stigma not changed? - more mentally ill on the streets
- people think they they are dangerous because mental illness is linked with mass
shootings, etc
What is equifinality? - multiple pathways to pathology
- many roads to Rome
What is multifinality? - various outcomes stem from similar vulnerabilities/risk factors
- dependent on many factors
How are normal and atypical development important? - mutually informative
- knowing how typical development works can tell you where things went wrong
- mental illness is a deviation fro typical processes
What is meant by continuous and discontinuous? - DP occurs across development
- typical --> atypical is continuous
, What is an important consideration of continuity? - patterns of continuity differ across subgroups with different developmental
patterns
Why are vulnerabilities and risk factors not inevitable - disordered behavior isn't uniform
predictors? - symptoms change over time
What is resilience? - competence despite adversity and risk
What are protective factors? - variables/processes that mitigate vulnerability and risk to promote more
successful outcomes
What kind of analysis does DP depend on? - meta-analysis of different dynamics across variety of levels to fully understand
psychopathology across lifespan
What are reciprocal patterns? - person's behavior both influences and is influenced by social and environmental
factors
What are transactional models? - reciprocal patterns over time
What is an example of an environmental factor that is not - parenting style
uniformly positive or negative? - shows the important role of setting and context
What are G x E interactions? - genes make people more vulnerable but how they are expressed depends on
the environment
- genes and environment influence with each other
What is the statistical definition of mental disorders? - defined by deviance from statistical norm
- extremes of behaviors are rare
What is a risk factor? - a variable that precedes a negative outcome of interest and increases the
chances that the outcome will occur
What are some issues with the statistical model? - normal cutoff is arbitrary
- society tends to label one side of the extreme
What is an example of a common event that is bad? tooth decay
What is an example of a rare event that is good? true creativity
What is the social norm definition of mental disorder? - when you break social norms, the behavior is considered disordered
What is the moral definition of mental illness? - behavior that violates social, ethical, and moral codes
What are some issues with the social norm definition of - social norms are relative to each culture
mental illness?
What are some issues with the moral model of mental - more subjective
illness?
CORRECT Answers
How does childhood differ from the middle ages to the - children worked before 6 yo for economic survival
present? - in present times, there are a lot of rules to prevent child labor
How long does psychopathology last? - unfolds across lifespan
- adult manifestations have origins before age 18
What most an individual display before the designation of - impairment and dysfunction
a mental illness?
What is dysfunction? - failure of mental mechanism to perform natural function
Why is serious mental illness associated with reductions - high-risk lifestyles
in life expectancies of 10-25 years? - lack of medical care
- suicide or homicide
- cooccurring chronic and infectious illnesses
- unhealthy practices
What is a major barrier in treating mental illness? - highly stigmatized since the media portrays the mentally ill as being violent and
mental health is seen as a lower priority
What is homotypic continuity? - describes the unfolding of a single class of behavioral/emotional disturbance
over time
- ex. aggression
What is heterotypic continuity? - actual form of trait changes with development
- ex. tantrums as a toddler doesn't mean they will have tantrums in adolescence
Why have rates of stigma not changed? - more mentally ill on the streets
- people think they they are dangerous because mental illness is linked with mass
shootings, etc
What is equifinality? - multiple pathways to pathology
- many roads to Rome
What is multifinality? - various outcomes stem from similar vulnerabilities/risk factors
- dependent on many factors
How are normal and atypical development important? - mutually informative
- knowing how typical development works can tell you where things went wrong
- mental illness is a deviation fro typical processes
What is meant by continuous and discontinuous? - DP occurs across development
- typical --> atypical is continuous
, What is an important consideration of continuity? - patterns of continuity differ across subgroups with different developmental
patterns
Why are vulnerabilities and risk factors not inevitable - disordered behavior isn't uniform
predictors? - symptoms change over time
What is resilience? - competence despite adversity and risk
What are protective factors? - variables/processes that mitigate vulnerability and risk to promote more
successful outcomes
What kind of analysis does DP depend on? - meta-analysis of different dynamics across variety of levels to fully understand
psychopathology across lifespan
What are reciprocal patterns? - person's behavior both influences and is influenced by social and environmental
factors
What are transactional models? - reciprocal patterns over time
What is an example of an environmental factor that is not - parenting style
uniformly positive or negative? - shows the important role of setting and context
What are G x E interactions? - genes make people more vulnerable but how they are expressed depends on
the environment
- genes and environment influence with each other
What is the statistical definition of mental disorders? - defined by deviance from statistical norm
- extremes of behaviors are rare
What is a risk factor? - a variable that precedes a negative outcome of interest and increases the
chances that the outcome will occur
What are some issues with the statistical model? - normal cutoff is arbitrary
- society tends to label one side of the extreme
What is an example of a common event that is bad? tooth decay
What is an example of a rare event that is good? true creativity
What is the social norm definition of mental disorder? - when you break social norms, the behavior is considered disordered
What is the moral definition of mental illness? - behavior that violates social, ethical, and moral codes
What are some issues with the social norm definition of - social norms are relative to each culture
mental illness?
What are some issues with the moral model of mental - more subjective
illness?
