Psychology Midterm 2 (Gade, UC Berkeley) UPDATED
ACTUAL Questions and CORRECT Answers
Can we study memory scientifically? -Worries about being able to control for individual experience linked differences.
-Questions about how to explore the processes involved
-Questions about the accuracy of memories reported.
, Hermann Ebbinghaus - Sought to prove we could examine memory from a purely scientific viewpoint.
-He was the primary research subject.
-Used nonsense syllables to study how we acquire and forget information.
Ebbinghaus memory capacity (STM capacity) 7±2
Free Recall Test The type of testing that Ebbinghaus used with nonsense syllables. Looking for
traces of memory by asking to completely recreate what was presented.
Cued Recall Test Cues or hints to a path to get to the answer. Ex. Naming all 50 states is hard but is
easier if you have a map. No new information but giving path to info already in
your head.
Recognition Tests Ex. Multiple choice. Easier to recall when given a list of potential things.
Savings Test Seeing if you can learn something more rapidly with previous exposure.
Implicit Memory Tests -Links to testing anterograde amnesia (they improve on task even though they
cannot remember it).
Stimulus/response pairs (classical conditioning)
3 Steps of Displaying Memory -Encoding
-Storage
-Retrieval
Encoding Converting information into a form that will allow us to retrieve that information
later.
Storage Retaining critical information for later use.
Retrieval Accessing the stored information that we have encoded in order to use it in a
situation.
Temporal Memory Stages - External events
(with sensory input)
-Sensory memory
(ENCODING) + attention to new info
-Short-term memory
(ENCODING FOREWARD) (RETRIEVING BACKWARD)
-Long Term memory
Sensory Memory -Was hypothetical stage for a long time.
-Involves all of our senses.
-Information lasts only for a fraction of a second.
-Infinite Capacity (or at least really large)
-Only remember after fraction of a second the important information.
George Sperling Sensory Memory Experiment:
-List of symbols for fraction of a second.
-Tone immediately after tells which row to speak.
-Participant says correct row.
ACTUAL Questions and CORRECT Answers
Can we study memory scientifically? -Worries about being able to control for individual experience linked differences.
-Questions about how to explore the processes involved
-Questions about the accuracy of memories reported.
, Hermann Ebbinghaus - Sought to prove we could examine memory from a purely scientific viewpoint.
-He was the primary research subject.
-Used nonsense syllables to study how we acquire and forget information.
Ebbinghaus memory capacity (STM capacity) 7±2
Free Recall Test The type of testing that Ebbinghaus used with nonsense syllables. Looking for
traces of memory by asking to completely recreate what was presented.
Cued Recall Test Cues or hints to a path to get to the answer. Ex. Naming all 50 states is hard but is
easier if you have a map. No new information but giving path to info already in
your head.
Recognition Tests Ex. Multiple choice. Easier to recall when given a list of potential things.
Savings Test Seeing if you can learn something more rapidly with previous exposure.
Implicit Memory Tests -Links to testing anterograde amnesia (they improve on task even though they
cannot remember it).
Stimulus/response pairs (classical conditioning)
3 Steps of Displaying Memory -Encoding
-Storage
-Retrieval
Encoding Converting information into a form that will allow us to retrieve that information
later.
Storage Retaining critical information for later use.
Retrieval Accessing the stored information that we have encoded in order to use it in a
situation.
Temporal Memory Stages - External events
(with sensory input)
-Sensory memory
(ENCODING) + attention to new info
-Short-term memory
(ENCODING FOREWARD) (RETRIEVING BACKWARD)
-Long Term memory
Sensory Memory -Was hypothetical stage for a long time.
-Involves all of our senses.
-Information lasts only for a fraction of a second.
-Infinite Capacity (or at least really large)
-Only remember after fraction of a second the important information.
George Sperling Sensory Memory Experiment:
-List of symbols for fraction of a second.
-Tone immediately after tells which row to speak.
-Participant says correct row.
