UC Berkeley Psych 1 Exam 1 UPDATED ACTUAL Questions
and CORRECT Answers
neurons nerve cells where brain processes messages
glia support the neurons in many ways--insulating, synchronizing activity, removing
waste
cell body contains nucleus
dendrites widely branching ("tree"), receive transmissions
axon single, long, thin, straight fiber, branches at tip
action potential excitation that travels along an axon at a constant strength
resting potential electrical polarization across membrane
terminal bouton presynaptic ending
neurotransmitter chemical that can activate receptors on other neurons
post-synaptic neuron neuron on receiving end of synapse
Parkinson's disease 1% of people over 50; difficulty initiating voluntary movement, slow movement,
tremors, rigidity, depression
dopamine neurotransmitter
physiological explanation describes mechanism that produces a behavior
evolutionary explanation relates behavior to the evolutionary history of the species
electroencephalograph (EEG) uses electrodes on the scalp to record rapid changes in brain electrical activity
magnetoencephalograph (MEG) records magnetic changes
positron-emission tomography (PET) records radioactivity of various brain areas emitted from injected chemicals
functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) uses magnetic detectors outside the head to compare the amounts of
hemoglobin with and without oxygen in different brain areas
central nervous system brain and spinal cord
peripheral nervous system bundles of nerves between the spinal cord and the rest of the body
, cerebral cortex outer covering of forebrain
occipital lobe rear of head, specialized for vision; damage causes cortical blindness
temporal lobe sides of head, hearing and complex aspects of vision
parietal lobe forward from occipital, specialized for body senses
primary somatosensory cortex back end of parietal lobe, cells sensitive to touch in different body areas
frontal lobe forward end; includes PRIMARY MOTOR CORTEX
primary motor cortex important for planned control of fine movements
prefrontal cortex back of frontal lobe
pons and medulla control muscles of head
spinal cord controls muscles from neck down and reflexes
reflexes rapid, automatic response to a stimulus
cerebellum part of hindbrain; important for aim or timing
autonomic nervous system controls internal organs, heart, etc.
endocrine system glands that produce hormones and release them into the blood
hormones chemicals released by glands and conveyed by the blood to alter activity in
various organs
corpus callosum set of axons that connect left and right hemispheres of cerebral cortex
epilepsy condition in which cells somewhere in brain emit abnormal rhythmic, spontaneous
impulses
binding problem question of how separate brain areas combine forces to produce a unified
perception of a single object
stimulants drugs that increase energy, alertness, and activity
depressants drugs that decrease arousal
alcohol class of molecules that includes methanol, ethanol, propyl alcohol (rubbing
alcohol); ethanol=drinks
tranquilizers; anxiolytic drugs help people relax
and CORRECT Answers
neurons nerve cells where brain processes messages
glia support the neurons in many ways--insulating, synchronizing activity, removing
waste
cell body contains nucleus
dendrites widely branching ("tree"), receive transmissions
axon single, long, thin, straight fiber, branches at tip
action potential excitation that travels along an axon at a constant strength
resting potential electrical polarization across membrane
terminal bouton presynaptic ending
neurotransmitter chemical that can activate receptors on other neurons
post-synaptic neuron neuron on receiving end of synapse
Parkinson's disease 1% of people over 50; difficulty initiating voluntary movement, slow movement,
tremors, rigidity, depression
dopamine neurotransmitter
physiological explanation describes mechanism that produces a behavior
evolutionary explanation relates behavior to the evolutionary history of the species
electroencephalograph (EEG) uses electrodes on the scalp to record rapid changes in brain electrical activity
magnetoencephalograph (MEG) records magnetic changes
positron-emission tomography (PET) records radioactivity of various brain areas emitted from injected chemicals
functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) uses magnetic detectors outside the head to compare the amounts of
hemoglobin with and without oxygen in different brain areas
central nervous system brain and spinal cord
peripheral nervous system bundles of nerves between the spinal cord and the rest of the body
, cerebral cortex outer covering of forebrain
occipital lobe rear of head, specialized for vision; damage causes cortical blindness
temporal lobe sides of head, hearing and complex aspects of vision
parietal lobe forward from occipital, specialized for body senses
primary somatosensory cortex back end of parietal lobe, cells sensitive to touch in different body areas
frontal lobe forward end; includes PRIMARY MOTOR CORTEX
primary motor cortex important for planned control of fine movements
prefrontal cortex back of frontal lobe
pons and medulla control muscles of head
spinal cord controls muscles from neck down and reflexes
reflexes rapid, automatic response to a stimulus
cerebellum part of hindbrain; important for aim or timing
autonomic nervous system controls internal organs, heart, etc.
endocrine system glands that produce hormones and release them into the blood
hormones chemicals released by glands and conveyed by the blood to alter activity in
various organs
corpus callosum set of axons that connect left and right hemispheres of cerebral cortex
epilepsy condition in which cells somewhere in brain emit abnormal rhythmic, spontaneous
impulses
binding problem question of how separate brain areas combine forces to produce a unified
perception of a single object
stimulants drugs that increase energy, alertness, and activity
depressants drugs that decrease arousal
alcohol class of molecules that includes methanol, ethanol, propyl alcohol (rubbing
alcohol); ethanol=drinks
tranquilizers; anxiolytic drugs help people relax
