UC Berkeley Psych 1 Final UPDATED ACTUAL Questions and
CORRECT Answers
sensation conversion of energy from the environment into a pattern of response by the
nervous system
perception interpretation of sensation
stimuli energies from the world around us that affect us in some way
receptors specialized cells to stimuli into signals for the nervous system
pupil the hole in the eye that is adjusted open or closed for light
iris the colored structure around the pupil
vitreous humor jellylike substance found behind the lens in the posterior cavity of the eye that
maintains its shape
retina layer of visual receptors covering the back surface of the eyeball
cornea rigid transparent surface on the outer surface of the eyeball, focuses the light on
the retina
lens a flexible structure that can vary in thickness allowing the eyes to accommodate
or adjust its focus for objects at different differences
lens shape thinner and flatter for distant objects
thicker and rounder for closer objects
fovea the central area of the retina, consists of all cones
cones for color vision, less of them, for day vision
rods vision in dim light, more of them than cones, night vision
how we see Light is composed of pulses of electromagnetic energy that vary in both
wavelength and amplitude
The amplitude of the electromagnetic wave is what determines the intensity
(brightness) of the light
The wavelength (i.e. frequency) of the light pulse is what determines the hue
(color) of the light wave
The Optic Nerve a collection of cells that is responsible for carrying the information processed by
your eye to the brain
, The path of vision after the eye optic nerve -> optic chiasm -> optic track -> visual area of the thalamus -> visual
cortex
blind spot retinal area where the optic nerve exits; no photoreceptors here
trichromatic theory young-helmholtz theory, says that our receptors respond to three primary colors
depending on short, medium, or long wavelengths
opponent-process theory we perceive colors in terms of paired opposites, red vs green, yellow vs blue,
white vs black
negative afterimages experiences of one color after the removal of another
color constancy the tendency of a color to appear nearly the same under a variety of lighting
conditions
retinex theory we perceive color when the cerebral cortex compares carious retinal patterns
sound waves vibrations of the air or of another medium
Hz (hertz) measures frequency of a sound
frequency number of cycles (vibrations) that a sound wave goes through per second
pitch high frequency = high pitch
low frequency = low pitch
loudness perception depending on the amplitude of the waves, higher amplitude means
greater sound
intensity amplitude of waves
cochlea snail shaped organ in inner ear filled with fluid and the receptors for hearing
three bones in ear malleus (hammer) incus (anvil) stapes (stirrup)
vestibular sense detects the tilt of the head, orientation of the head with respect to gravity, and the
acceleration of the head
cutaneous senses somatosensory system
gate theory of pain pain messages must pass though a gate, presumably in the spinal cord, that can
block messages... means that other input, like touching or something, can close
the gate and prevent pain messages from getting to the brain
phantom limbs continuing sensations including pain, in a limb long after it has been amputated
taste detection of chemicals on the tongue
CORRECT Answers
sensation conversion of energy from the environment into a pattern of response by the
nervous system
perception interpretation of sensation
stimuli energies from the world around us that affect us in some way
receptors specialized cells to stimuli into signals for the nervous system
pupil the hole in the eye that is adjusted open or closed for light
iris the colored structure around the pupil
vitreous humor jellylike substance found behind the lens in the posterior cavity of the eye that
maintains its shape
retina layer of visual receptors covering the back surface of the eyeball
cornea rigid transparent surface on the outer surface of the eyeball, focuses the light on
the retina
lens a flexible structure that can vary in thickness allowing the eyes to accommodate
or adjust its focus for objects at different differences
lens shape thinner and flatter for distant objects
thicker and rounder for closer objects
fovea the central area of the retina, consists of all cones
cones for color vision, less of them, for day vision
rods vision in dim light, more of them than cones, night vision
how we see Light is composed of pulses of electromagnetic energy that vary in both
wavelength and amplitude
The amplitude of the electromagnetic wave is what determines the intensity
(brightness) of the light
The wavelength (i.e. frequency) of the light pulse is what determines the hue
(color) of the light wave
The Optic Nerve a collection of cells that is responsible for carrying the information processed by
your eye to the brain
, The path of vision after the eye optic nerve -> optic chiasm -> optic track -> visual area of the thalamus -> visual
cortex
blind spot retinal area where the optic nerve exits; no photoreceptors here
trichromatic theory young-helmholtz theory, says that our receptors respond to three primary colors
depending on short, medium, or long wavelengths
opponent-process theory we perceive colors in terms of paired opposites, red vs green, yellow vs blue,
white vs black
negative afterimages experiences of one color after the removal of another
color constancy the tendency of a color to appear nearly the same under a variety of lighting
conditions
retinex theory we perceive color when the cerebral cortex compares carious retinal patterns
sound waves vibrations of the air or of another medium
Hz (hertz) measures frequency of a sound
frequency number of cycles (vibrations) that a sound wave goes through per second
pitch high frequency = high pitch
low frequency = low pitch
loudness perception depending on the amplitude of the waves, higher amplitude means
greater sound
intensity amplitude of waves
cochlea snail shaped organ in inner ear filled with fluid and the receptors for hearing
three bones in ear malleus (hammer) incus (anvil) stapes (stirrup)
vestibular sense detects the tilt of the head, orientation of the head with respect to gravity, and the
acceleration of the head
cutaneous senses somatosensory system
gate theory of pain pain messages must pass though a gate, presumably in the spinal cord, that can
block messages... means that other input, like touching or something, can close
the gate and prevent pain messages from getting to the brain
phantom limbs continuing sensations including pain, in a limb long after it has been amputated
taste detection of chemicals on the tongue
