NR565 ADVANCED PHARMACOLOGY
FUNDAMENTALS
280+ (Latest 2025-2026 Edition) 100% Verified Q&A + Answer Key Solutions
Question 1
Pharmacokinetics
Correct!
The process by which drugs are absorbed, distributed within the body, metabolized, and excreted.
Question 2
Pharmacodynamics
Correct!
The study of what the drug does to the body
Question 3
Factors Affecting Drug Absorption
Correct!
Rate of dissolution
Surface area
Blood flow
Lipid solubility
pH partitioning
Question 4
Factors Affecting Drug Distribution
Correct!
Blood flow to tissues
Ability to exit the vascular system
Blood-brain barrier
Protein-binding capacity
, Question 5
Xenobiotics
Correct!
substances that are foreign to the body, usually synthetic chemical compounds; medications are a
common example
Question 6
Cytochrome P450 (CYP450)
Correct!
xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes necessary for the production of cholesterol and steroids and the
detoxification of chemicals and drug metabolism.
Question 7
Function of Cytochrome P450 (CYP450)
Correct!
responsible for phase 1 metabolism in which drugs are oxidized, reduced, or hydrolyzed
Question 8
Phase 1 Metabolism of Drugs via P450
Correct!
Oxidation; Reduction; Hydrolysis
Question 9
Three possible outcomes of phase 1 drug metabolism.
Correct!
-Drug becomes completely inactive
-Drug becomes partially inactive but one or more metabolites remain active
-Original drug is not pharmacologically active but one metabolite remains active
, Question 10
CYP450 Inducers
Correct!
Medications that can increase the rate of another drug's metabolism by elevating CYP450 enzyme activity
via increasing enzyme synthesis. decreasing the concentration of the "parent drug"
Question 11
CYP450 Inducer Medications
Correct!
CRAPGPS
Carbamazepine
Rifampin
Alcohol
Phenytoin
Griseofulvin
Phenobarbital
Sulfonylureas
Question 12
CYP450 Inhibitors
Correct!
Medications that inhibit the metabolic activity of one or more of the CYP450 enzymes. Higher risk for
toxicity; prolongs the pharmacological effect of the "parent drug".
Question 13
CYP450 Inhibitor Medications
Correct!
VISACKGQ
Valproate
Isoniazid
Sulfonamides
Amiodarone
Chloramphenicol
Ketoconazole
Grapefruit Juice
Quinidine
, Question 14
Beers Criteria
Correct!
-potentially Inappropriate Medication (PIM) use in older adults
-potentially Inappropriate Medication (PIM) use in older adults due to medication-disease or medication-
syndrome interactions that may exacerbate the disease or syndrome
-medications to be used cautiously in older adults
-clinically significant drug interactions that should be avoided in older adults
-medications to be avoided or dosage decreased in the presence of impaired kidney function in older
adults
Question 15
Pharmacokinetic Interactions
Correct!
when one medication systemically alters the potency of another medication.
Question 16
Absorption Interaction
Correct!
result of a change due to one medication's effect on another medication's route of entry into the body.
Question 17
Distribution Interaction
Correct!
caused by the amount of unbound/free medications available at the various target sites.
Question 18
Metabolism Interaction
Correct!
concentration of the medication after biotransformation into active and inactive metabolites in higher or
lower than expected.
FUNDAMENTALS
280+ (Latest 2025-2026 Edition) 100% Verified Q&A + Answer Key Solutions
Question 1
Pharmacokinetics
Correct!
The process by which drugs are absorbed, distributed within the body, metabolized, and excreted.
Question 2
Pharmacodynamics
Correct!
The study of what the drug does to the body
Question 3
Factors Affecting Drug Absorption
Correct!
Rate of dissolution
Surface area
Blood flow
Lipid solubility
pH partitioning
Question 4
Factors Affecting Drug Distribution
Correct!
Blood flow to tissues
Ability to exit the vascular system
Blood-brain barrier
Protein-binding capacity
, Question 5
Xenobiotics
Correct!
substances that are foreign to the body, usually synthetic chemical compounds; medications are a
common example
Question 6
Cytochrome P450 (CYP450)
Correct!
xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes necessary for the production of cholesterol and steroids and the
detoxification of chemicals and drug metabolism.
Question 7
Function of Cytochrome P450 (CYP450)
Correct!
responsible for phase 1 metabolism in which drugs are oxidized, reduced, or hydrolyzed
Question 8
Phase 1 Metabolism of Drugs via P450
Correct!
Oxidation; Reduction; Hydrolysis
Question 9
Three possible outcomes of phase 1 drug metabolism.
Correct!
-Drug becomes completely inactive
-Drug becomes partially inactive but one or more metabolites remain active
-Original drug is not pharmacologically active but one metabolite remains active
, Question 10
CYP450 Inducers
Correct!
Medications that can increase the rate of another drug's metabolism by elevating CYP450 enzyme activity
via increasing enzyme synthesis. decreasing the concentration of the "parent drug"
Question 11
CYP450 Inducer Medications
Correct!
CRAPGPS
Carbamazepine
Rifampin
Alcohol
Phenytoin
Griseofulvin
Phenobarbital
Sulfonylureas
Question 12
CYP450 Inhibitors
Correct!
Medications that inhibit the metabolic activity of one or more of the CYP450 enzymes. Higher risk for
toxicity; prolongs the pharmacological effect of the "parent drug".
Question 13
CYP450 Inhibitor Medications
Correct!
VISACKGQ
Valproate
Isoniazid
Sulfonamides
Amiodarone
Chloramphenicol
Ketoconazole
Grapefruit Juice
Quinidine
, Question 14
Beers Criteria
Correct!
-potentially Inappropriate Medication (PIM) use in older adults
-potentially Inappropriate Medication (PIM) use in older adults due to medication-disease or medication-
syndrome interactions that may exacerbate the disease or syndrome
-medications to be used cautiously in older adults
-clinically significant drug interactions that should be avoided in older adults
-medications to be avoided or dosage decreased in the presence of impaired kidney function in older
adults
Question 15
Pharmacokinetic Interactions
Correct!
when one medication systemically alters the potency of another medication.
Question 16
Absorption Interaction
Correct!
result of a change due to one medication's effect on another medication's route of entry into the body.
Question 17
Distribution Interaction
Correct!
caused by the amount of unbound/free medications available at the various target sites.
Question 18
Metabolism Interaction
Correct!
concentration of the medication after biotransformation into active and inactive metabolites in higher or
lower than expected.
