Medical-Surgical Nursing: Fluid &
Electrolytes | 2026/2027 Cycle |
Questions and Correct Answers |
Complete Practice Exam Material |
Guaranteed Pass | Brand New!!!!
Diffusion - CORRECTANSWERMovement of molecules from high to low concentration. Requires
no energy. Occurs in liquids, solids, and gases
Facilitated Diffusion - CORRECTANSWERMovement of molecules from high to low concentration
without energy
Active transport - CORRECTANSWERProcess of which molecules move against concentration
gradient
Example: Sodium-potassium pump
External energy required
Osmosis - CORRECTANSWERMovement of water between two compartments by a membrane
permeable to water but not solute
Moves from low solute to high solute concentration
, Requires no energy
Osmotic pressure - CORRECTANSWERAmount of press required to stop osmotic flow of water
Determined by the concentration of solutes in solution (sodium & glucose)
Oncotic Pressure - CORRECTANSWEROsmotic pressure exerted by colloids in solution. Protein is
a major colloid.
What are three substances that primarily determine water movement in the body? -
CORRECTANSWERProtein, glucose, and sodium
Edema - CORRECTANSWERCaused by an accumulation of fluid in the interstitial space, occurs if
venous hydrostatic pressure rises, plasma oncotic pressure decreases, or interstitial oncotic
pressure rises.
Decrease plasma oncotic pressure - CORRECTANSWERFluid remains in the interstitial space if
the plasma oncotic pressure is too low to draw back into the capillary. Low plasma protein
content decreases oncotic pressure. This can result from excessive protein loss (renal disorders),
deficient protein synthesis (liver disease) and deficient protein intake (malnutrition)
Elevation of venous hydrostatic pressure - CORRECTANSWERIncreasing the pressure at the
venous end of the capillary inhibits fluid movement back into the capillary, which results in
edema. Causes include: fluid overload, HF, liver failure, obstruction of venous return to the
heart... ect.
Elevation of Interstitial oncotic pressure - CORRECTANSWERTrauma, burns, and inflammation
can damage capillary walls and allow plasma proteins to accumulate in the interstitial space.
This increases interstitial oncotic pressure draws fluid into the interstitial space, and holds it
there.
Electrolytes | 2026/2027 Cycle |
Questions and Correct Answers |
Complete Practice Exam Material |
Guaranteed Pass | Brand New!!!!
Diffusion - CORRECTANSWERMovement of molecules from high to low concentration. Requires
no energy. Occurs in liquids, solids, and gases
Facilitated Diffusion - CORRECTANSWERMovement of molecules from high to low concentration
without energy
Active transport - CORRECTANSWERProcess of which molecules move against concentration
gradient
Example: Sodium-potassium pump
External energy required
Osmosis - CORRECTANSWERMovement of water between two compartments by a membrane
permeable to water but not solute
Moves from low solute to high solute concentration
, Requires no energy
Osmotic pressure - CORRECTANSWERAmount of press required to stop osmotic flow of water
Determined by the concentration of solutes in solution (sodium & glucose)
Oncotic Pressure - CORRECTANSWEROsmotic pressure exerted by colloids in solution. Protein is
a major colloid.
What are three substances that primarily determine water movement in the body? -
CORRECTANSWERProtein, glucose, and sodium
Edema - CORRECTANSWERCaused by an accumulation of fluid in the interstitial space, occurs if
venous hydrostatic pressure rises, plasma oncotic pressure decreases, or interstitial oncotic
pressure rises.
Decrease plasma oncotic pressure - CORRECTANSWERFluid remains in the interstitial space if
the plasma oncotic pressure is too low to draw back into the capillary. Low plasma protein
content decreases oncotic pressure. This can result from excessive protein loss (renal disorders),
deficient protein synthesis (liver disease) and deficient protein intake (malnutrition)
Elevation of venous hydrostatic pressure - CORRECTANSWERIncreasing the pressure at the
venous end of the capillary inhibits fluid movement back into the capillary, which results in
edema. Causes include: fluid overload, HF, liver failure, obstruction of venous return to the
heart... ect.
Elevation of Interstitial oncotic pressure - CORRECTANSWERTrauma, burns, and inflammation
can damage capillary walls and allow plasma proteins to accumulate in the interstitial space.
This increases interstitial oncotic pressure draws fluid into the interstitial space, and holds it
there.
