BSC2085 Final exam study guide UPDATED ACTUAL
Questions and CORRECT Answers
central nervous system consists of the brain and spinal cord
Peripheral nervous system The sensory and motor neurons that connect the central nervous system to the
rest of the body
Somatic Nervous System Division of the PNS that controls the body's skeletal muscles.
Autonomic Nervous System Subdivision of the peripheral nervous system that regulates involuntary functions
Sympathetic nervous system The division of the ANS that arouses the body, mobilizing its energy in stressful
situations.
Fight or flight response
Parasympathetic Nervous System the division of the autonomic nervous system that calms the body, conserving its
energy
Structural classes of nuerons Bipolar
Pseudounipolar
Multipolar (Most abundant)
bipolar neuron a neuron with one axon and one dendrite attached to its soma
(sensory/Afferent)
pseudo-unipolar neuron neuron with continuous dendrite and axon, with cell body off to one side
Has two branches, one runs to periphery and one to the spinal cord.
multipolar neuron (most abundant) a neuron with one axon and many dendrites attached to its soma
(sensory/Afferent)
Neuroglia Occupies half the volume of the nervous system
Four types in CNS:
1) Ependymal cells
2) Astrocytes
3) Oligendendrocytes
4) Microglia
, Ependymal cells CNS
Form epithelium called ependyma
Line central canal of spinal cord and ventricles of brain
Secrete CSF
Have cilia or microvilli that circulate CSF
Monitor CSF, contain stem cells for repair
Astrocytes CNS
Make up 90% of CNS volume
Maintain blood brain barrier (isolate CNS)
Create three dimensional framework for CNS
Repairs damaged neural tissue
Guides neuron development
Control Interstitial environment
*Location: the two types of astrocytes, fibrous and protoplasmic, exist in the white
matter (fibrous) and grey matter (protoplasmic) of the CNS.
Oligodendrocyte CNS
Provide support and insulation to axons in the central nervous system of some
vertebrates, equivalent to the function performed by Schwann cells in the
peripheral nervous system. Oligodendrocytes do this by creating the myelin
sheath, which is 80% lipid and 20% protein.
Increases speed of action potentials
Myelin insulates myelinated axons
Makes nerves appear white
microglia CNS
Migrate through neural tissue
clean up cellular debris waste products and pathogens
Schwann cell PNS
Forms myelin sheath, myelinates one section of the axon.
*also called neurilemma cells
Questions and CORRECT Answers
central nervous system consists of the brain and spinal cord
Peripheral nervous system The sensory and motor neurons that connect the central nervous system to the
rest of the body
Somatic Nervous System Division of the PNS that controls the body's skeletal muscles.
Autonomic Nervous System Subdivision of the peripheral nervous system that regulates involuntary functions
Sympathetic nervous system The division of the ANS that arouses the body, mobilizing its energy in stressful
situations.
Fight or flight response
Parasympathetic Nervous System the division of the autonomic nervous system that calms the body, conserving its
energy
Structural classes of nuerons Bipolar
Pseudounipolar
Multipolar (Most abundant)
bipolar neuron a neuron with one axon and one dendrite attached to its soma
(sensory/Afferent)
pseudo-unipolar neuron neuron with continuous dendrite and axon, with cell body off to one side
Has two branches, one runs to periphery and one to the spinal cord.
multipolar neuron (most abundant) a neuron with one axon and many dendrites attached to its soma
(sensory/Afferent)
Neuroglia Occupies half the volume of the nervous system
Four types in CNS:
1) Ependymal cells
2) Astrocytes
3) Oligendendrocytes
4) Microglia
, Ependymal cells CNS
Form epithelium called ependyma
Line central canal of spinal cord and ventricles of brain
Secrete CSF
Have cilia or microvilli that circulate CSF
Monitor CSF, contain stem cells for repair
Astrocytes CNS
Make up 90% of CNS volume
Maintain blood brain barrier (isolate CNS)
Create three dimensional framework for CNS
Repairs damaged neural tissue
Guides neuron development
Control Interstitial environment
*Location: the two types of astrocytes, fibrous and protoplasmic, exist in the white
matter (fibrous) and grey matter (protoplasmic) of the CNS.
Oligodendrocyte CNS
Provide support and insulation to axons in the central nervous system of some
vertebrates, equivalent to the function performed by Schwann cells in the
peripheral nervous system. Oligodendrocytes do this by creating the myelin
sheath, which is 80% lipid and 20% protein.
Increases speed of action potentials
Myelin insulates myelinated axons
Makes nerves appear white
microglia CNS
Migrate through neural tissue
clean up cellular debris waste products and pathogens
Schwann cell PNS
Forms myelin sheath, myelinates one section of the axon.
*also called neurilemma cells
