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CHEM 1010 Module 7 Lab 1 Natural
Selection with Goldfish with 100%
correct answers 100% accuracy
NATURAL SELECTION WITH GOLDFISH
Evolution is a change over time, of the allele frequency of a population of organisms. In
this lab, we will be using ivory fish to aid us in understanding natural selection and
evolution. The population of fish has two traits from the characteristic of color. One trait
will be designated as adaptive to the environment, and the other will be considered
non-adaptive.
Background story: You are a piscivore, a fish that eats other fish. The species you like
to eat comes in two forms: light-colored and dark-colored. You eat the fish that are
easiest to find in their surroundings. Since the fish you eat swim near the top of the
pond and you hunt from below, the green colored fish are easier to see from below
and eaten more often. Since the green colored-trait is recessive, the green colored fish
are homozygous recessive. Because the blue-colored trait is dominant, the blue-
colored fish are either homozygous or heterozygous dominant.
You will observe natural selection according to the above story. You will follow the
change in the population of fish over five generations. In Trial One, the green fish will
be eaten and in Trial 2, the blue fish will be eaten.
Trial One — Homozygous recessive fish are eaten.
1 . Predict the outcome of predation on the population over the five generations.
Remember you are eating the fish that are easier to find.
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2. Create a source population of approximately equal numbers of ivory with green
fish and blue fish. Remember your green fish are homozygous recessive and your blue
fish are either homozygous dominant or heterozygous. Obtain a population of 1 5 fish
randomly selected from your source population to be the first generation. Record the
number of fish in Table 1 .
3. Then eat three green fish. If there aren't three green fish, eat how many green fish
you have and then eat the remaining number of blue fish. For example, you only have
2 green fish, so you eat 2 green fish and 1 blue fish to make a total of 3 fish eaten.
4. Then randomly select three fish to add to your population so that you have 15 fish
total again. Add how many blue and green fish you know have to Table 1 as Generation
2.
5. Continue steps 3 and 4 for a total of 5 generations.
6. Calculate the allele frequency as if the population was in Hardy-Weinberg
Equilibrium and enter the data on the worksheet.
The general formulas for calculating Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium are p + q
= 1 and p2 + 2pq + 1 Where p = the frequency of the dominant (light)
allele. q = the frequency of the recessive (dark) allele.
p2 = the frequency of homozygous dominant
individuals 2pq = the frequency of
heterozygous individuals.
q2 = the frequency of homozygous recessive individuals.
To calculate q 2 take the number of green fish and divide by 15, put this number in Table
2. Repeat for each generation.
To find q, take the square root of q2 . Repeat for each generation.
To find p, subtract q from 1. Put this number in Table 2. Repeat for each generation.
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CHEM 1010 Module 7 Lab 1 Natural
Selection with Goldfish with 100%
correct answers 100% accuracy
NATURAL SELECTION WITH GOLDFISH
Evolution is a change over time, of the allele frequency of a population of organisms. In
this lab, we will be using ivory fish to aid us in understanding natural selection and
evolution. The population of fish has two traits from the characteristic of color. One trait
will be designated as adaptive to the environment, and the other will be considered
non-adaptive.
Background story: You are a piscivore, a fish that eats other fish. The species you like
to eat comes in two forms: light-colored and dark-colored. You eat the fish that are
easiest to find in their surroundings. Since the fish you eat swim near the top of the
pond and you hunt from below, the green colored fish are easier to see from below
and eaten more often. Since the green colored-trait is recessive, the green colored fish
are homozygous recessive. Because the blue-colored trait is dominant, the blue-
colored fish are either homozygous or heterozygous dominant.
You will observe natural selection according to the above story. You will follow the
change in the population of fish over five generations. In Trial One, the green fish will
be eaten and in Trial 2, the blue fish will be eaten.
Trial One — Homozygous recessive fish are eaten.
1 . Predict the outcome of predation on the population over the five generations.
Remember you are eating the fish that are easier to find.
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2. Create a source population of approximately equal numbers of ivory with green
fish and blue fish. Remember your green fish are homozygous recessive and your blue
fish are either homozygous dominant or heterozygous. Obtain a population of 1 5 fish
randomly selected from your source population to be the first generation. Record the
number of fish in Table 1 .
3. Then eat three green fish. If there aren't three green fish, eat how many green fish
you have and then eat the remaining number of blue fish. For example, you only have
2 green fish, so you eat 2 green fish and 1 blue fish to make a total of 3 fish eaten.
4. Then randomly select three fish to add to your population so that you have 15 fish
total again. Add how many blue and green fish you know have to Table 1 as Generation
2.
5. Continue steps 3 and 4 for a total of 5 generations.
6. Calculate the allele frequency as if the population was in Hardy-Weinberg
Equilibrium and enter the data on the worksheet.
The general formulas for calculating Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium are p + q
= 1 and p2 + 2pq + 1 Where p = the frequency of the dominant (light)
allele. q = the frequency of the recessive (dark) allele.
p2 = the frequency of homozygous dominant
individuals 2pq = the frequency of
heterozygous individuals.
q2 = the frequency of homozygous recessive individuals.
To calculate q 2 take the number of green fish and divide by 15, put this number in Table
2. Repeat for each generation.
To find q, take the square root of q2 . Repeat for each generation.
To find p, subtract q from 1. Put this number in Table 2. Repeat for each generation.
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