Nursing 328 Final Exam UPDATED ACTUAL
Questions and CORRECT Answers
Why do external reproductive D/t increased vascularity.
structures enlarge during
pregnancy? Nipples enlarge, become more erectile and
darken. Breasts are fuller and heavier. As blood
vessels enlarge, veins beneath the skin of the
breasts become more visible.
Cervix softens, takes on bluish colour during
second month due to increased vasculature as well
What does estrogen and The uterus to lengthen and enlarge
progesterone cause?
What organ produces estrogen and The corpus luteum
progesterone until the placenta is
formed and functioning?
What is leukorrhea? White, thick, odourless and acidic vaginal
secretions which increase. The acidity helps prevent
bacterial infections but can increase yeast
infections
,What hormones does the placenta hCG, hPL, relaxin and prostaglandins,
secrete? progesterone and estrogen
What does hPL stand for? human placental lactogen but AKA human
chorionic somatomammotropin
What does hPL do? Promotes fat breakdown, providing the pt with an
alternative source of energy so that glucose is
available for fetal growth.
What other hormones have an Estrogen
impact on the action of insulin? Progesterone
Cortisol
hPL
resulting in increased insulin need throughout
pregnancy
What do prostaglandins do during Affect smooth muscle contractility to such an
pregnancy? extent that they may trigger labour at pregnancy's
term
What can high levels of estrogen stop the pituitary gland from producing follicle-
and progesterone do in relation to stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone.
the pituitary gland? Increased production of growth hormone and
melanocyte-stimulating hormone causes skin
pigment changes
How is the thyroid gland affected the thyroid gland's production of thyroxin binding
during pregnancy? protein increases causing total thyroxine (T4) levels
to rise. Bc of the amount of unbound T4 doesn't
increase, these thyroid changes don't cause
hyperthyroidism; however, they increase BMR, CO,
HR, vasodilation and heat intolerance.
, How much does BMR increase 20% as the growing fetus places additional
during the second and third demands for energy.
trimesters?
Does the adrenal gland change Yes, it increases production of corticosteroid and
during pregnancy? aldosterone increases which increases fluid
retention in case of PPH and to have a larger
circulating blood volume to get nutrients to fetus.
What does the pancreas do in Increases insulin production
response to additional
glucocorticoids being produced?
How is the resp system changed Diaphragm rises, preventing lungs from fully
during pregnancy? expanding so it compensates by increasing its
outward expansion. We have more thoracic
breathing
How is the diaphragm able to The progesterone relaxes ligaments that join the
expand outwards? rib cage
What effect can increased estrogen Can lead to increased vascularity of upper resp
have on the resp system? tract. As a result, the pt may develop resp
congestion, voice changes and epistaxis as
capillaries become engorged in the nose, pharynx,
larynx, trachea, bronchi and vocal cords.
How much more air do you breath in 30-40%
during pregnancy?
What can an elevated diaphragm Decreased functional residue capacity, which
cause? contributes to hyperventilation.
Questions and CORRECT Answers
Why do external reproductive D/t increased vascularity.
structures enlarge during
pregnancy? Nipples enlarge, become more erectile and
darken. Breasts are fuller and heavier. As blood
vessels enlarge, veins beneath the skin of the
breasts become more visible.
Cervix softens, takes on bluish colour during
second month due to increased vasculature as well
What does estrogen and The uterus to lengthen and enlarge
progesterone cause?
What organ produces estrogen and The corpus luteum
progesterone until the placenta is
formed and functioning?
What is leukorrhea? White, thick, odourless and acidic vaginal
secretions which increase. The acidity helps prevent
bacterial infections but can increase yeast
infections
,What hormones does the placenta hCG, hPL, relaxin and prostaglandins,
secrete? progesterone and estrogen
What does hPL stand for? human placental lactogen but AKA human
chorionic somatomammotropin
What does hPL do? Promotes fat breakdown, providing the pt with an
alternative source of energy so that glucose is
available for fetal growth.
What other hormones have an Estrogen
impact on the action of insulin? Progesterone
Cortisol
hPL
resulting in increased insulin need throughout
pregnancy
What do prostaglandins do during Affect smooth muscle contractility to such an
pregnancy? extent that they may trigger labour at pregnancy's
term
What can high levels of estrogen stop the pituitary gland from producing follicle-
and progesterone do in relation to stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone.
the pituitary gland? Increased production of growth hormone and
melanocyte-stimulating hormone causes skin
pigment changes
How is the thyroid gland affected the thyroid gland's production of thyroxin binding
during pregnancy? protein increases causing total thyroxine (T4) levels
to rise. Bc of the amount of unbound T4 doesn't
increase, these thyroid changes don't cause
hyperthyroidism; however, they increase BMR, CO,
HR, vasodilation and heat intolerance.
, How much does BMR increase 20% as the growing fetus places additional
during the second and third demands for energy.
trimesters?
Does the adrenal gland change Yes, it increases production of corticosteroid and
during pregnancy? aldosterone increases which increases fluid
retention in case of PPH and to have a larger
circulating blood volume to get nutrients to fetus.
What does the pancreas do in Increases insulin production
response to additional
glucocorticoids being produced?
How is the resp system changed Diaphragm rises, preventing lungs from fully
during pregnancy? expanding so it compensates by increasing its
outward expansion. We have more thoracic
breathing
How is the diaphragm able to The progesterone relaxes ligaments that join the
expand outwards? rib cage
What effect can increased estrogen Can lead to increased vascularity of upper resp
have on the resp system? tract. As a result, the pt may develop resp
congestion, voice changes and epistaxis as
capillaries become engorged in the nose, pharynx,
larynx, trachea, bronchi and vocal cords.
How much more air do you breath in 30-40%
during pregnancy?
What can an elevated diaphragm Decreased functional residue capacity, which
cause? contributes to hyperventilation.
