ATHABASCA NURS328 Essentials of nursing research
UPDATED ACTUAL Questions and CORRECT Answers
abstract A brief description of a completed or proposed study usually located at the
beginning of a report or proposal.
accessible population the population of people available for a particular study
acquiescence response set A bas in self report instruments especially psychosocial scales created when
study participants characteristically agree with statements independent of their
content
after-only design experimental design in which data are collected from subjects only after an
experimental intervention has been introduced
alpha In tests of statistical significance the probability of committitng a type 1 error,
normally set at .05 (5%)
analysis The process of organizing and synthesising data so as to answer research
questions and test hypotheses
analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) A statistical procedure used to test mean differences among three or more
groups by comparing variability between groups to variability within groups
anonymity Protection of participants in a study such that even the researcher cannot link
individuals with the information provided
applied research research designed to find a solution to an immediate practical problem
assent theaffirmitive agreement of a vulnerable subject to participate in a study
associative relationship an association between two variables that cannot be decribed as causal (i.e one
variable causing the other)
assumption A basic principle that is accepted as being true based on logic or reason, but
without proof or verification
asymmetric distribution A distribution of data values that is skewed I.e has two halves which are not mirror
images of each other
attrition The loss of participants over the course of a study, which can create bias and
undermine internal validity by changing the composition of the sample
audit trail The systematic documentation of material that allows an independant auditor of a
qualitative researcher's steps and decisions and draw conclusions about the
analysis and interpretation of the data
, auto_ethnography ethnographic studies in which researchers study their own culture or group
axial coding the second level of coding in a grounded theory study using the strauss and
Corbin approach, involving the process of categorizing, recategorizing, and
condensing all first level codes by connecting a category and its subcategories.
baseline data data collected prior to an intervention, including pretreatment data from a
measure of the dependant variable.
basic research research designed to extend the base of knowledge in a discipline for the sake of
knowledge production or theory construction rather than for solving an
immediate problem
Basic social process (BSP) The central social process emerging through an analysis of grounded theory data
before-after design Experimental design in which data are collected from research subjects both
before and after the introduction of an experimental intervention
beneficence A fundamental ethical principle that seeks to prevent harm and exploitation of
and maximise benefits for study participants
beta In statistical testing the probability of a type II error.
between-subjects design A research design in which there are separate groups of people being compared
E.g Smokers and non-smokers
bimodal distribution A distribution of data values with two peaks (high frequencies)
bivariate statistics statistics derived from analysing two variables simultaneously to assess the
empirical relationship between them
blind review the review of a manuscript or proposal such that neither the author nor the
reviewer is identified to the other party.
blinding The masking or withholding of information (e.g from research subjects, research
personnel , or reviewers to reduce the possibility of certain biases
bracketing In phenomenological inquiries, the process of identifying and holding in
abeyance any preconceived beliefs and opinions about the phenomena under
study
bricolage The tendency in qualitative research to assemble a complex array of data from a
variety of sources
canonical analysis A statistical procedure for examining the relationship between two or more
independent variables and two or more dependent variables
carry over effect The influence that one treatment can have on subsequent treatments
UPDATED ACTUAL Questions and CORRECT Answers
abstract A brief description of a completed or proposed study usually located at the
beginning of a report or proposal.
accessible population the population of people available for a particular study
acquiescence response set A bas in self report instruments especially psychosocial scales created when
study participants characteristically agree with statements independent of their
content
after-only design experimental design in which data are collected from subjects only after an
experimental intervention has been introduced
alpha In tests of statistical significance the probability of committitng a type 1 error,
normally set at .05 (5%)
analysis The process of organizing and synthesising data so as to answer research
questions and test hypotheses
analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) A statistical procedure used to test mean differences among three or more
groups by comparing variability between groups to variability within groups
anonymity Protection of participants in a study such that even the researcher cannot link
individuals with the information provided
applied research research designed to find a solution to an immediate practical problem
assent theaffirmitive agreement of a vulnerable subject to participate in a study
associative relationship an association between two variables that cannot be decribed as causal (i.e one
variable causing the other)
assumption A basic principle that is accepted as being true based on logic or reason, but
without proof or verification
asymmetric distribution A distribution of data values that is skewed I.e has two halves which are not mirror
images of each other
attrition The loss of participants over the course of a study, which can create bias and
undermine internal validity by changing the composition of the sample
audit trail The systematic documentation of material that allows an independant auditor of a
qualitative researcher's steps and decisions and draw conclusions about the
analysis and interpretation of the data
, auto_ethnography ethnographic studies in which researchers study their own culture or group
axial coding the second level of coding in a grounded theory study using the strauss and
Corbin approach, involving the process of categorizing, recategorizing, and
condensing all first level codes by connecting a category and its subcategories.
baseline data data collected prior to an intervention, including pretreatment data from a
measure of the dependant variable.
basic research research designed to extend the base of knowledge in a discipline for the sake of
knowledge production or theory construction rather than for solving an
immediate problem
Basic social process (BSP) The central social process emerging through an analysis of grounded theory data
before-after design Experimental design in which data are collected from research subjects both
before and after the introduction of an experimental intervention
beneficence A fundamental ethical principle that seeks to prevent harm and exploitation of
and maximise benefits for study participants
beta In statistical testing the probability of a type II error.
between-subjects design A research design in which there are separate groups of people being compared
E.g Smokers and non-smokers
bimodal distribution A distribution of data values with two peaks (high frequencies)
bivariate statistics statistics derived from analysing two variables simultaneously to assess the
empirical relationship between them
blind review the review of a manuscript or proposal such that neither the author nor the
reviewer is identified to the other party.
blinding The masking or withholding of information (e.g from research subjects, research
personnel , or reviewers to reduce the possibility of certain biases
bracketing In phenomenological inquiries, the process of identifying and holding in
abeyance any preconceived beliefs and opinions about the phenomena under
study
bricolage The tendency in qualitative research to assemble a complex array of data from a
variety of sources
canonical analysis A statistical procedure for examining the relationship between two or more
independent variables and two or more dependent variables
carry over effect The influence that one treatment can have on subsequent treatments
