NUR 328 - Exam 1 UPDATED ACTUAL Questions and CORRECT
Answers
Mortality The death rate within a population.
Morbidity Incidence of disease/illness within a population
3 major causes of death during infancy Congenital anomalies, prematurity, SIDS
2 major causes of illness during childhood Respiratory infections & GI infection
Authoritative parenting parents set limits and enforce rules but are flexible and listen to their children
Authoritarian parenting A parenting style in which the parents are demanding, expect unquestioned
obedience, are not responsive to their children's desires, and communicate poorly
with their children.
Permissive parenting style of parenting in which parent makes few, if any demands on a child's behavior
cultural competence An understanding of how a patient's cultural background shapes his beliefs,
values, and expectations for therapy.
Cultural relativism not judging a culture but trying to understand it on its own terms
Ethnocentrism Belief in the superiority of one's nation or ethnic group
Communication strategy & examination strategy for Respond to tone, facial expressions
infants (birth to 1 yr) keep caregiver close, warm hands/tools, use distraction
Communication strategy & examination strategy for Simple words, allow choices
toddlers (1-3yrs) Allow them to sit on caregivers lap, demo on a doll, let them look at the tools
before
Communication strategy & examination strategy for Play-based explanation
preschoolers (3-6yrs) Offer explanations, allow choices, involve them
Communication strategy & examination strategy for Logic and explanations, involve them in decisions
school age (6-12yrs) Explain procedure in detail, allow them to help or ask questions
Communication strategy & examination strategy for Privacy & respect, open-ended questions
adolescents (12-18) provide privacy, assure confidentiality, allow for input
3 areas evaluated as part of the nutritional assessment Growth charts, dietary intake, feeding patterns
Anterior fontanel closes at 12-18 months (top of head)
Posterior fontanel closes 2-3 months (back of head)
, Cephalocaudal head to toe - infants gain head control before walking
Proximodistal "inside-to-outside rule" motor skills emerge in a sequence of center moving
outward - arm control before fine finger movements
Neurological changes with age Brain growth is rapid in first 2 yrs
Respiratory changes w age Airways smaller in kids, lung volume increases w age
Cardiovascular changes w age HR decrease, BP increases w age
GI system changes w age Matures w increased enzyme production and ability too tolerate more complex
foods later
Renal changes w age Kidney function matures around 2 yrs old
Immune changes w age Immature at birth, passive immunity from mother wanes after 6 months, active
immunity builds through exposure and vaccination
MSK changes w age Bone growth occurs at epiphyseal plates; muscle strengthen with use and
maturity
Psychosocial development (Erikson): Infant (birth to 1 yr) Trust vs mistrust
Psychosocial development (Erikson): toddler (1-3yrs) Autonomy vs shame and doubt
Psychosocial development (Erikson): preschool (3-6yrs) Initiative vs guilt - they ask why a lot
Psychosocial development (Erikson): school age (6-12yrs) Industry vs inferiority - being rewarded for accomplishments
Psychosocial development (Erikson): adolescent (12- Identity vs role confusion
18yrs)
Cognition (Piaget): Sensorimotor Birth to 2 years old
Learning through the use of our five senses; object permanence
Cognition (Piaget): Pre-operational 2 - 7 yrs old
Egocentric, magical thinking (your sister is sick because you were mad at her)
Cognition (Piaget): Concrete operational 7-11 yrs old
Logical thinking, inductive reasoning, conservation
Cognition (Piaget): Formal operational 11-15 yrs old
Adaptability, flexibility, abstract thought
Morality (Kohlberg): Pre-conventional Right vs wrong, punishment vs reward, usually around 3-4yrs old
Morality (Kohlberg): Conventional desire to please others and follow the rules, usually in 4-6th grade
Answers
Mortality The death rate within a population.
Morbidity Incidence of disease/illness within a population
3 major causes of death during infancy Congenital anomalies, prematurity, SIDS
2 major causes of illness during childhood Respiratory infections & GI infection
Authoritative parenting parents set limits and enforce rules but are flexible and listen to their children
Authoritarian parenting A parenting style in which the parents are demanding, expect unquestioned
obedience, are not responsive to their children's desires, and communicate poorly
with their children.
Permissive parenting style of parenting in which parent makes few, if any demands on a child's behavior
cultural competence An understanding of how a patient's cultural background shapes his beliefs,
values, and expectations for therapy.
Cultural relativism not judging a culture but trying to understand it on its own terms
Ethnocentrism Belief in the superiority of one's nation or ethnic group
Communication strategy & examination strategy for Respond to tone, facial expressions
infants (birth to 1 yr) keep caregiver close, warm hands/tools, use distraction
Communication strategy & examination strategy for Simple words, allow choices
toddlers (1-3yrs) Allow them to sit on caregivers lap, demo on a doll, let them look at the tools
before
Communication strategy & examination strategy for Play-based explanation
preschoolers (3-6yrs) Offer explanations, allow choices, involve them
Communication strategy & examination strategy for Logic and explanations, involve them in decisions
school age (6-12yrs) Explain procedure in detail, allow them to help or ask questions
Communication strategy & examination strategy for Privacy & respect, open-ended questions
adolescents (12-18) provide privacy, assure confidentiality, allow for input
3 areas evaluated as part of the nutritional assessment Growth charts, dietary intake, feeding patterns
Anterior fontanel closes at 12-18 months (top of head)
Posterior fontanel closes 2-3 months (back of head)
, Cephalocaudal head to toe - infants gain head control before walking
Proximodistal "inside-to-outside rule" motor skills emerge in a sequence of center moving
outward - arm control before fine finger movements
Neurological changes with age Brain growth is rapid in first 2 yrs
Respiratory changes w age Airways smaller in kids, lung volume increases w age
Cardiovascular changes w age HR decrease, BP increases w age
GI system changes w age Matures w increased enzyme production and ability too tolerate more complex
foods later
Renal changes w age Kidney function matures around 2 yrs old
Immune changes w age Immature at birth, passive immunity from mother wanes after 6 months, active
immunity builds through exposure and vaccination
MSK changes w age Bone growth occurs at epiphyseal plates; muscle strengthen with use and
maturity
Psychosocial development (Erikson): Infant (birth to 1 yr) Trust vs mistrust
Psychosocial development (Erikson): toddler (1-3yrs) Autonomy vs shame and doubt
Psychosocial development (Erikson): preschool (3-6yrs) Initiative vs guilt - they ask why a lot
Psychosocial development (Erikson): school age (6-12yrs) Industry vs inferiority - being rewarded for accomplishments
Psychosocial development (Erikson): adolescent (12- Identity vs role confusion
18yrs)
Cognition (Piaget): Sensorimotor Birth to 2 years old
Learning through the use of our five senses; object permanence
Cognition (Piaget): Pre-operational 2 - 7 yrs old
Egocentric, magical thinking (your sister is sick because you were mad at her)
Cognition (Piaget): Concrete operational 7-11 yrs old
Logical thinking, inductive reasoning, conservation
Cognition (Piaget): Formal operational 11-15 yrs old
Adaptability, flexibility, abstract thought
Morality (Kohlberg): Pre-conventional Right vs wrong, punishment vs reward, usually around 3-4yrs old
Morality (Kohlberg): Conventional desire to please others and follow the rules, usually in 4-6th grade
