NUR 328 Exam 1 UPDATED ACTUAL Questions and CORRECT
Answers
evidence-based practice the collection, evaluation, and integration of valid research evidence, combined
with clinical expertise and an understanding of patient and family values and
preferences, to inform clinical decision making
EBP is the integration of best research, clinical expertise and patient preferences to achieve consistent
optimal outcomes
EBP steps (7) -spirit of inquiry
-ask clinical question (PICOT)
-gather/search for best evidence
-assess/appraise evidence
-act/integrate evidence, clinical expertise, PT preference, and values -> put into
practice
-evaluate outcome
-disseminate/share EBP results/change
benefits of EBP -increases quality of care
-betters patient outcomes
-decreases costs
-increases nurse satisfaction
barriers to EBP -lack of knowledge (don't know what EBP is, how to access literature/research
and apply it, how to read or appraise)
-limited time due to nursing shortage + demanding caseload
-lack of resources + support for higher admin
-lack of leadership support (no EBP mentors)
critical appraisal process of carefully and systematically assessing the outcome of research to
judge its trustworthiness, and its value and relevance in a particular context
critical appraisal criteria standards, appraisal guides, or questions used to assess an article
critical appraisal determines -level of evidence
-how well the research was conducted
-how useful it is to practice
validity truthfulness
usefulness clinical applicability
critique the process of critical appraisal that objectively and critically evaluates a research
report's content for scientific merit and application to practice
critical reading the reader evaluates or judges the accuracy and truthfulness of content.
, levels of evidence a rating system for judging the strength of a study's design (seven total levels)
systematic review/meta-analysis (level I) a synthesis of relevant RCTs and their evidence focused to draw conclusions
about the area of focus
randomized controlled study (level II) experiment where subjects are randomized into treatment and control group
quasi-experimental study/controlled trial w/o -less stringent control methods
randomization (level III) -does not use random assignment for treatment and control groups
nonexperimental study (level IV) -correlational or descriptive
-does not focus on interventions, risk or etiology
-human response and meaning
metasynthesis (level V) synthesis of a number of qualitative research studies on a focused topic using
specific qualitative methodology
qualitative study (level VI) gathers data on human behavior to understand why and how decisions are made
theory-based evidence from experts, CQI reports, -based on scientific opinion
program evaluation (level VII) -expert committees/consensus panels based on scientific evidence (clinical
practice guidelines)
theory-based evidence from case studies (level VII) -opinion
-published articles
-experimental and non-research evidence
-single occurring events
case control study a comparison of subjects with a condition with those who don't have the
condition -> determines characteristics that can predict the condition
cohort study an observation of a group to determine the development of an outcome such as a
disease
systematic review of qualitative or descriptive studies a summation and assessment of a group of research studies that test a similar
research question
descriptive study provides background literature on the what, where, and when of a topic of
interest
IRB/participants the institutional review board is an administrative body established to protect the
rights and welfare of human research subjects recruited to participate in research
activities conducted under the auspices of the institution with which it is affiliated
(CITI training)
Answers
evidence-based practice the collection, evaluation, and integration of valid research evidence, combined
with clinical expertise and an understanding of patient and family values and
preferences, to inform clinical decision making
EBP is the integration of best research, clinical expertise and patient preferences to achieve consistent
optimal outcomes
EBP steps (7) -spirit of inquiry
-ask clinical question (PICOT)
-gather/search for best evidence
-assess/appraise evidence
-act/integrate evidence, clinical expertise, PT preference, and values -> put into
practice
-evaluate outcome
-disseminate/share EBP results/change
benefits of EBP -increases quality of care
-betters patient outcomes
-decreases costs
-increases nurse satisfaction
barriers to EBP -lack of knowledge (don't know what EBP is, how to access literature/research
and apply it, how to read or appraise)
-limited time due to nursing shortage + demanding caseload
-lack of resources + support for higher admin
-lack of leadership support (no EBP mentors)
critical appraisal process of carefully and systematically assessing the outcome of research to
judge its trustworthiness, and its value and relevance in a particular context
critical appraisal criteria standards, appraisal guides, or questions used to assess an article
critical appraisal determines -level of evidence
-how well the research was conducted
-how useful it is to practice
validity truthfulness
usefulness clinical applicability
critique the process of critical appraisal that objectively and critically evaluates a research
report's content for scientific merit and application to practice
critical reading the reader evaluates or judges the accuracy and truthfulness of content.
, levels of evidence a rating system for judging the strength of a study's design (seven total levels)
systematic review/meta-analysis (level I) a synthesis of relevant RCTs and their evidence focused to draw conclusions
about the area of focus
randomized controlled study (level II) experiment where subjects are randomized into treatment and control group
quasi-experimental study/controlled trial w/o -less stringent control methods
randomization (level III) -does not use random assignment for treatment and control groups
nonexperimental study (level IV) -correlational or descriptive
-does not focus on interventions, risk or etiology
-human response and meaning
metasynthesis (level V) synthesis of a number of qualitative research studies on a focused topic using
specific qualitative methodology
qualitative study (level VI) gathers data on human behavior to understand why and how decisions are made
theory-based evidence from experts, CQI reports, -based on scientific opinion
program evaluation (level VII) -expert committees/consensus panels based on scientific evidence (clinical
practice guidelines)
theory-based evidence from case studies (level VII) -opinion
-published articles
-experimental and non-research evidence
-single occurring events
case control study a comparison of subjects with a condition with those who don't have the
condition -> determines characteristics that can predict the condition
cohort study an observation of a group to determine the development of an outcome such as a
disease
systematic review of qualitative or descriptive studies a summation and assessment of a group of research studies that test a similar
research question
descriptive study provides background literature on the what, where, and when of a topic of
interest
IRB/participants the institutional review board is an administrative body established to protect the
rights and welfare of human research subjects recruited to participate in research
activities conducted under the auspices of the institution with which it is affiliated
(CITI training)
