NURS 328 - Quiz 1 UPDATED ACTUAL Questions and
CORRECT Answers
The PICO (population, intervention, comparison, a framework for asking well-worded questions and searching for evidence
outcome) framework
deductive reasoning reasoning involves beginning with a theory, developing hypotheses from that
theory, and then collecting and analyzing data to test those hypotheses. This type
of reasoning goes from general to specific
Inductive reasoning involves beginning with a set of empirical observations, seeking patterns in those
observations, and then theorizing about those patterns. This type of reasoning
goes from specific to general.
Epistemology the philosophy of the nature of knowledge, or how we know what we know.
Ontology the philosophy of the nature of reality or being
Paradigm describes a particular way of looking at things that encompasses both
philosophical assumptions and the approach taken to guide an inquiry
Quantitative research research conducted to investigate questions to be answered using a rigorous
design involving measurement and quantification
Qualitative research the research conducted in a holistic and in-depth manner to investigate
phenomena using a flexible design involving narrative/non-numeric data such as
interviews or focus groups
quantitative descriptive terms objective, variables, positivism, realism, empiricism, one truth
Qualitative descriptive terms subjective, phenomena, constructivism, relativism, naturalism, multiple truths
Quantitative approach based on positivism, experimental, statistical, ontologically = one truth, one reality
Qualitative approach based on interpretivism and constructivism, process and meaning,
ontologically = more than one truth, multiple truths
Hypothesis A testable prediction, often implied by a theory
mixed methods research uses both quantitative and qualitative techniques, in an effort to build convincing
claims about the relationships between attributes and outcomes
phenomena observable facts; subjects of scientific investigation
statistical data quantitative information obtained from government agencies, businesses,
research studies, and other entities that collect data for their own or others' use
, Textual data Documents and/or images which have become recorded without the intervention
of a researcher (e.g. through an interview).
Themes Overarching ideas or driving premises of a work.
Variables factors that can change in an experiment
dependent variable The outcome factor; the variable that may change in response to manipulations of
the independent variable.
independent variable The experimental factor that is manipulated; the variable whose effect is being
studied.
quantitative and qualitative studies - are different
- the best method is one suited to answering the specific research question.
- one type of study is not better than the other.
Qualitative studies tend to involve exploration of concepts or phenomena
Quantitative studies tend to involve examination of dependent and independent variables that are
often expressed in a predictive relationship that is called a hypotheses.
the data in qualitative studies often expressed as textual or narrative. the results are sometimes expressed using
themes
data in quantitative studies often numerical or statistical.
mixed methods research studies involves collecting and analyzing both qualitative and quantitative data to answer
the research questions
ANSWER: IV (Independent variable) What effect does a cancer diagnosis have on a teenager's emotional well-being?
The question concerns the effect of the diagnosis (the
influence or cause) on teenagers' emotional well-being
(the outcome or effect).
CORRECT Answers
The PICO (population, intervention, comparison, a framework for asking well-worded questions and searching for evidence
outcome) framework
deductive reasoning reasoning involves beginning with a theory, developing hypotheses from that
theory, and then collecting and analyzing data to test those hypotheses. This type
of reasoning goes from general to specific
Inductive reasoning involves beginning with a set of empirical observations, seeking patterns in those
observations, and then theorizing about those patterns. This type of reasoning
goes from specific to general.
Epistemology the philosophy of the nature of knowledge, or how we know what we know.
Ontology the philosophy of the nature of reality or being
Paradigm describes a particular way of looking at things that encompasses both
philosophical assumptions and the approach taken to guide an inquiry
Quantitative research research conducted to investigate questions to be answered using a rigorous
design involving measurement and quantification
Qualitative research the research conducted in a holistic and in-depth manner to investigate
phenomena using a flexible design involving narrative/non-numeric data such as
interviews or focus groups
quantitative descriptive terms objective, variables, positivism, realism, empiricism, one truth
Qualitative descriptive terms subjective, phenomena, constructivism, relativism, naturalism, multiple truths
Quantitative approach based on positivism, experimental, statistical, ontologically = one truth, one reality
Qualitative approach based on interpretivism and constructivism, process and meaning,
ontologically = more than one truth, multiple truths
Hypothesis A testable prediction, often implied by a theory
mixed methods research uses both quantitative and qualitative techniques, in an effort to build convincing
claims about the relationships between attributes and outcomes
phenomena observable facts; subjects of scientific investigation
statistical data quantitative information obtained from government agencies, businesses,
research studies, and other entities that collect data for their own or others' use
, Textual data Documents and/or images which have become recorded without the intervention
of a researcher (e.g. through an interview).
Themes Overarching ideas or driving premises of a work.
Variables factors that can change in an experiment
dependent variable The outcome factor; the variable that may change in response to manipulations of
the independent variable.
independent variable The experimental factor that is manipulated; the variable whose effect is being
studied.
quantitative and qualitative studies - are different
- the best method is one suited to answering the specific research question.
- one type of study is not better than the other.
Qualitative studies tend to involve exploration of concepts or phenomena
Quantitative studies tend to involve examination of dependent and independent variables that are
often expressed in a predictive relationship that is called a hypotheses.
the data in qualitative studies often expressed as textual or narrative. the results are sometimes expressed using
themes
data in quantitative studies often numerical or statistical.
mixed methods research studies involves collecting and analyzing both qualitative and quantitative data to answer
the research questions
ANSWER: IV (Independent variable) What effect does a cancer diagnosis have on a teenager's emotional well-being?
The question concerns the effect of the diagnosis (the
influence or cause) on teenagers' emotional well-being
(the outcome or effect).
