ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY MCGRAW ⫸ Caudal Answer: Describes a position below or lower than another
part of the body proper; near or toward the tail (in humans, the coccyx,
HILL EXAM 1 PRACTICE SCRIPT 2026 or lowest part of the spinal column); also refer to as inferior
QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS GRADED A+
⫸ Cell Answer: Smallest independently functioning unit of all
⫸ Abdominopelvic Cavity Answer: Division of the anterior (ventral) organisms; in animals, it contains cytoplasm, composed of fluid and
cavity that houses the abdominal and pelvic viscera. organelles
⫸ Anatomical Position Answer: A standard reference position used for ⫸ Control Center Answer: Compares values to their normal range;
describing location and directions on the human body. deviations cause the activation of an effector
⫸ Anatomy Answer: Science that studies the form and composition of ⫸ Coronal Section Answer: Divides the body into dorsal and ventral
the the body's structures. (back and front, or posterior and anterior) portions; also referred to as
frontal portion
⫸ Anterior Cavity Answer: Larger body cavity located anterior to the
posterior (dorsal) body cavity; includes the serous membrane-lined ⫸ Cranial Answer: Describes a position above or higher than another
pleural cavities of the lungs, pericardial cavity of the heart, and part of the body proper; also referred to as superior
peritoneal cavity for the abdominal and pelvic organs; also referred to as
ventral cavity.
⫸ Cranial Cavity Answer: Division of the posterior (dorsal) cavity that
houses the brain
⫸ Atom Answer: The basic unit that makes up all matter.
⫸ Cross Section Answer: In anatomy, a transverse cut through a
⫸ Body Plane Answer: An imaginary lines drawn through the body to structure or tissue.
separate the body into sections.
⫸ Deep Answer: Describes a position farther from the surface of the
body
, ⫸ Frontal Plane Answer: Two-dimensional, vertical plane that divides
⫸ Development Answer: Changes an organism goes through during its the body or organ into anterior and posterior portions
life
⫸ Gross Anatomy Answer: Study of the larger structures of the body,
⫸ Diaphragm Answer: The muscle that separates the chest (thoracic) typically with the unaided (naked) eye; also referred to macroscopic
anatomy
cavity from the abdomen and is the main muscle of respiration.
⫸ Growth Answer: Process in increasing in size
⫸ Differentiation Answer: Process by which unspecialized cells become
specialized in structure and function
⫸ Homeostasis Answer: Steady state of body systems that living
⫸ Distal Answer: Describes a position farther from the point of organisms maintain
attachment or the trunk of the body - comes from two Greek words homeo, meaning 'similar' and stasis,
meaning 'stable'.
⫸ Dorsal Body Cavity Answer: Posterior body cavity that houses the
brain and the spinal cord; also referred to as posterior body cavity ⫸ Homeostatic Imbalance Answer: Occurs when the human body's
internal environmental variables become disturbed.
⫸ Effector Answer: Organ that can cause a change in value
⫸ Inferior Answer: Describes a position below or lower than another
- an organ (a gland or muscle) that becomes active in response to nerve
part of the body proper, near or toward the tail (in humans, the coccyx,
impulses
or lowest part of the spinal column); also referred to as caudal
⫸ Excretion Answer: The process whereby the undigested residue of
⫸ Lateral Answer: Describes the side or direction toward the side of the
food and the waste products of metabolism are eliminated, material is
body
removed to regulate the composition of body fluids and tissues, or
substances are expelled to perform functions on an exterior surface.
⫸ Medial Answer: Describes the middle or direction toward the middle
of the body
part of the body proper; near or toward the tail (in humans, the coccyx,
HILL EXAM 1 PRACTICE SCRIPT 2026 or lowest part of the spinal column); also refer to as inferior
QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS GRADED A+
⫸ Cell Answer: Smallest independently functioning unit of all
⫸ Abdominopelvic Cavity Answer: Division of the anterior (ventral) organisms; in animals, it contains cytoplasm, composed of fluid and
cavity that houses the abdominal and pelvic viscera. organelles
⫸ Anatomical Position Answer: A standard reference position used for ⫸ Control Center Answer: Compares values to their normal range;
describing location and directions on the human body. deviations cause the activation of an effector
⫸ Anatomy Answer: Science that studies the form and composition of ⫸ Coronal Section Answer: Divides the body into dorsal and ventral
the the body's structures. (back and front, or posterior and anterior) portions; also referred to as
frontal portion
⫸ Anterior Cavity Answer: Larger body cavity located anterior to the
posterior (dorsal) body cavity; includes the serous membrane-lined ⫸ Cranial Answer: Describes a position above or higher than another
pleural cavities of the lungs, pericardial cavity of the heart, and part of the body proper; also referred to as superior
peritoneal cavity for the abdominal and pelvic organs; also referred to as
ventral cavity.
⫸ Cranial Cavity Answer: Division of the posterior (dorsal) cavity that
houses the brain
⫸ Atom Answer: The basic unit that makes up all matter.
⫸ Cross Section Answer: In anatomy, a transverse cut through a
⫸ Body Plane Answer: An imaginary lines drawn through the body to structure or tissue.
separate the body into sections.
⫸ Deep Answer: Describes a position farther from the surface of the
body
, ⫸ Frontal Plane Answer: Two-dimensional, vertical plane that divides
⫸ Development Answer: Changes an organism goes through during its the body or organ into anterior and posterior portions
life
⫸ Gross Anatomy Answer: Study of the larger structures of the body,
⫸ Diaphragm Answer: The muscle that separates the chest (thoracic) typically with the unaided (naked) eye; also referred to macroscopic
anatomy
cavity from the abdomen and is the main muscle of respiration.
⫸ Growth Answer: Process in increasing in size
⫸ Differentiation Answer: Process by which unspecialized cells become
specialized in structure and function
⫸ Homeostasis Answer: Steady state of body systems that living
⫸ Distal Answer: Describes a position farther from the point of organisms maintain
attachment or the trunk of the body - comes from two Greek words homeo, meaning 'similar' and stasis,
meaning 'stable'.
⫸ Dorsal Body Cavity Answer: Posterior body cavity that houses the
brain and the spinal cord; also referred to as posterior body cavity ⫸ Homeostatic Imbalance Answer: Occurs when the human body's
internal environmental variables become disturbed.
⫸ Effector Answer: Organ that can cause a change in value
⫸ Inferior Answer: Describes a position below or lower than another
- an organ (a gland or muscle) that becomes active in response to nerve
part of the body proper, near or toward the tail (in humans, the coccyx,
impulses
or lowest part of the spinal column); also referred to as caudal
⫸ Excretion Answer: The process whereby the undigested residue of
⫸ Lateral Answer: Describes the side or direction toward the side of the
food and the waste products of metabolism are eliminated, material is
body
removed to regulate the composition of body fluids and tissues, or
substances are expelled to perform functions on an exterior surface.
⫸ Medial Answer: Describes the middle or direction toward the middle
of the body
