PNH301 TEST 2 STUDY GUIDE
2026/2027 COMPLETE QUESTIONS
WITH CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS
|| ALREADY GRADED A+
<RECENT VERSION>
1. What is high blood pressure? - ANSWER ✅140/90 mmHg
2. Primary HTN - ANSWER ✅elevated BP in the absence of underlying
disease
3. Secondary HTN - ANSWER ✅high BP due to underlying pathophysiology
(disease/disorder)
4. Diseases/Disorders that Contribute to HTN - ANSWER ✅- kidney disease
- endocrine disorders
- pregnancy
- medications (steroids, contraceptives)
- neurological disorders
- congenital aortic disorders (coarctation or narrowing)
5. The nurse is monitoring the ECG of a client admitted with ACS. Which of
the following ECG characteristics would be most suggestive of ischemia?
- Sinus rhythm with a pathological Q wave
- Sinus rhythm with an elevated ST segment
- Sinus rhythm with a depressed ST segment
, - Sinus rhythm with premature atrial contractions - ANSWER ✅c.
Sinus rhythm with a depressed ST segment
6. A client with a stable blood pressure and no symptoms has the following
ECG characteristics: atrial rate, 74 beats/minute and regular; ventricular rate,
62 beats/minute and irregular; P wave, normal contour; PR interval,
lengthens progressively until a P wave is not conducted; QRS complex,
normal contour. What would be the appropriate treatment for this rhythm?
- Epinephrine, 1 mg IV push
- Isoproterenol, IV continuous drip
- Immediate insertion of a temporary pacemaker
- Careful observation for signs of further heart block - ANSWER ✅d.
Careful observation for signs of further heart block
7. The cardiac monitor of a client in the cardiac care unit after an acute
myocardial infarction indicates ventricular bigeminy. What would be the
most appropriate intervention from the following list?
- Performing defibrillation
- Treatment with intravenous amiodarone
- Insertion of a temporary pacemaker
- Continuing to monitor and attempt to determine the underlying cause -
ANSWER ✅d. Continuing to monitor and attempt to determine the
underlying cause
8. How does defibrillation differ from cardioversion?
- Defibrillation requires a greater dose of electrical current.
- Defibrillation is synchronized to countershock during the QRS
complex.
- Cardioversion is indicated only for treatment of atrial
tachydysrhythmias.
- Cardioversion may be done on a nonemergency basis with sedation of
the client. - ANSWER ✅d. Cardioversion may be done on a
nonemergency basis with sedation of the client.
,9. Which of the following is true when the client has an implantable cardiac
defibrillator?
- Antidysrhythmia medications can be discontinued.
- All members of the client's family should learn CPR.
- The client should not drive until the physician approves it after the
ICD has been implanted.
- The client is usually relieved to have the device implanted to prevent
dysrhythmias. - ANSWER ✅c. The client should not drive until the
physician approves it after the ICD has been implanted.
10.Which client teaching points should the nurse include when providing
discharge instructions to a client with a new permanent pacemaker and their
caregiver? (Select all that apply.)
- Avoid or limit air travel.
- Take and record a daily pulse rate.
- Obtain and wear a medical alert bracelet at all times.
- Avoid lifting the arm on the side of the pacemaker above shoulder
height.
- Avoid microwave ovens because they interfere with pacemaker
function. - ANSWER ✅b. Take and record a daily pulse rate.
c. Obtain and wear a medical alert bracelet at all times.
d. Avoid lifting the arm on the side of the pacemaker above shoulder height.
11.The nurse working in the heart failure clinic will know that teaching for a
client with newly diagnosed heart failure has been effective when the client
does which of the following actions?
a. Uses an additional pillow to sleep when feeling short of breath
at night.
b. Tells the home care nurse that furosemide is taken daily at
bedtime.
c. Calls the clinic when the weight increases from 56 to 59 kg in
2 days.
, d. Says that the nitroglycerin patch will be used for any chest
pain that develops. - ANSWER ✅c. Calls the clinic when the
weight increases from 56 to 59 kg in 2 days.
12.Which of the following information given by a client admitted with chronic
stable angina will help the nurse confirm this diagnosis?
a. The client rates the pain at a level 3-5 (0-10 scale).
b. The client states that the pain "wakes me up at night."
c. The client says that the frequency of the pain has increased
over the last few weeks.
d. The client states that the pain is resolved after taking one
sublingual nitroglycerin tablet. - ANSWER ✅d. The client
states that the pain is resolved after taking one sublingual
nitroglycerin tablet.
13.Clinical manifestations of CAD (Coronary Artery Disease): - ANSWER ✅-
Angina
- Shortness of Breath
- Fatigue
- Palpitations
- Syncope
- Myocardial Infarction (Heart Attack)
14.Clinical manifestations of PAD (Peripheral Artery Disease): - ANSWER
✅Claudication: Similar to intermittent claudication in PVD, characterized
by cramping leg pain during exercise that resolves with rest.
Rest Pain: Pain in the feet, toes, or legs at rest, particularly when lying flat.
Skin Changes: Skin may appear pale, thin, shiny, or discoloured, with loss of
hair and thickened toenails.
Non-healing Ulcers: Ulcers or sores may develop on the feet or toes,
particularly over pressure points or areas of trauma.
Gangrene: Tissue death (necrosis) may occur in severe cases, leading to the
development of gangrene.
2026/2027 COMPLETE QUESTIONS
WITH CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS
|| ALREADY GRADED A+
<RECENT VERSION>
1. What is high blood pressure? - ANSWER ✅140/90 mmHg
2. Primary HTN - ANSWER ✅elevated BP in the absence of underlying
disease
3. Secondary HTN - ANSWER ✅high BP due to underlying pathophysiology
(disease/disorder)
4. Diseases/Disorders that Contribute to HTN - ANSWER ✅- kidney disease
- endocrine disorders
- pregnancy
- medications (steroids, contraceptives)
- neurological disorders
- congenital aortic disorders (coarctation or narrowing)
5. The nurse is monitoring the ECG of a client admitted with ACS. Which of
the following ECG characteristics would be most suggestive of ischemia?
- Sinus rhythm with a pathological Q wave
- Sinus rhythm with an elevated ST segment
- Sinus rhythm with a depressed ST segment
, - Sinus rhythm with premature atrial contractions - ANSWER ✅c.
Sinus rhythm with a depressed ST segment
6. A client with a stable blood pressure and no symptoms has the following
ECG characteristics: atrial rate, 74 beats/minute and regular; ventricular rate,
62 beats/minute and irregular; P wave, normal contour; PR interval,
lengthens progressively until a P wave is not conducted; QRS complex,
normal contour. What would be the appropriate treatment for this rhythm?
- Epinephrine, 1 mg IV push
- Isoproterenol, IV continuous drip
- Immediate insertion of a temporary pacemaker
- Careful observation for signs of further heart block - ANSWER ✅d.
Careful observation for signs of further heart block
7. The cardiac monitor of a client in the cardiac care unit after an acute
myocardial infarction indicates ventricular bigeminy. What would be the
most appropriate intervention from the following list?
- Performing defibrillation
- Treatment with intravenous amiodarone
- Insertion of a temporary pacemaker
- Continuing to monitor and attempt to determine the underlying cause -
ANSWER ✅d. Continuing to monitor and attempt to determine the
underlying cause
8. How does defibrillation differ from cardioversion?
- Defibrillation requires a greater dose of electrical current.
- Defibrillation is synchronized to countershock during the QRS
complex.
- Cardioversion is indicated only for treatment of atrial
tachydysrhythmias.
- Cardioversion may be done on a nonemergency basis with sedation of
the client. - ANSWER ✅d. Cardioversion may be done on a
nonemergency basis with sedation of the client.
,9. Which of the following is true when the client has an implantable cardiac
defibrillator?
- Antidysrhythmia medications can be discontinued.
- All members of the client's family should learn CPR.
- The client should not drive until the physician approves it after the
ICD has been implanted.
- The client is usually relieved to have the device implanted to prevent
dysrhythmias. - ANSWER ✅c. The client should not drive until the
physician approves it after the ICD has been implanted.
10.Which client teaching points should the nurse include when providing
discharge instructions to a client with a new permanent pacemaker and their
caregiver? (Select all that apply.)
- Avoid or limit air travel.
- Take and record a daily pulse rate.
- Obtain and wear a medical alert bracelet at all times.
- Avoid lifting the arm on the side of the pacemaker above shoulder
height.
- Avoid microwave ovens because they interfere with pacemaker
function. - ANSWER ✅b. Take and record a daily pulse rate.
c. Obtain and wear a medical alert bracelet at all times.
d. Avoid lifting the arm on the side of the pacemaker above shoulder height.
11.The nurse working in the heart failure clinic will know that teaching for a
client with newly diagnosed heart failure has been effective when the client
does which of the following actions?
a. Uses an additional pillow to sleep when feeling short of breath
at night.
b. Tells the home care nurse that furosemide is taken daily at
bedtime.
c. Calls the clinic when the weight increases from 56 to 59 kg in
2 days.
, d. Says that the nitroglycerin patch will be used for any chest
pain that develops. - ANSWER ✅c. Calls the clinic when the
weight increases from 56 to 59 kg in 2 days.
12.Which of the following information given by a client admitted with chronic
stable angina will help the nurse confirm this diagnosis?
a. The client rates the pain at a level 3-5 (0-10 scale).
b. The client states that the pain "wakes me up at night."
c. The client says that the frequency of the pain has increased
over the last few weeks.
d. The client states that the pain is resolved after taking one
sublingual nitroglycerin tablet. - ANSWER ✅d. The client
states that the pain is resolved after taking one sublingual
nitroglycerin tablet.
13.Clinical manifestations of CAD (Coronary Artery Disease): - ANSWER ✅-
Angina
- Shortness of Breath
- Fatigue
- Palpitations
- Syncope
- Myocardial Infarction (Heart Attack)
14.Clinical manifestations of PAD (Peripheral Artery Disease): - ANSWER
✅Claudication: Similar to intermittent claudication in PVD, characterized
by cramping leg pain during exercise that resolves with rest.
Rest Pain: Pain in the feet, toes, or legs at rest, particularly when lying flat.
Skin Changes: Skin may appear pale, thin, shiny, or discoloured, with loss of
hair and thickened toenails.
Non-healing Ulcers: Ulcers or sores may develop on the feet or toes,
particularly over pressure points or areas of trauma.
Gangrene: Tissue death (necrosis) may occur in severe cases, leading to the
development of gangrene.
