1|Page
PAEA GENERAL SURGERY EOR EXAM LATEST 2026
ACTUAL VERIFIED EXAM WITH COMPLETE
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS
(100% VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED A+|
||NEWEST EXAM!!!||
esophageal varices are MC d/t? tx to prevent rebleeds? -
Answer--cirrhosis as a complication of portal venous HTN
-long term tx:
1. nonselective BB: *propranolol, nadolol* 1st line
(reduces portal pressure) but not used in acute bleeds bc
pt may already be hypovolemic
2. *isosorbide*: long acting nitrate (vasodilator)
tx of an acute esophageal varices bleed? these have a 30-
50% mortality rate w/ 1st bleed and 70% recurrence rate
w/i 1st yr! - Answer-1. 2 large bore IV lines, IVF, +/- blood
transfusion
2. *endoscopic ligation* is tx of choice
3. pharmacologic vasoconstrictors- *octreotide* 1st line
(somatostatin analog), vasopressin
4. balloon tamponade
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5. surgical decompression *TIPS* (transjugular
intrahepatic portosystemic shunt) connects portal vein to
hepatic vein to drain to IVC
what is the tx for type I/sliding hiatal hernia vs type
II/rolling hiatal hernias? - Answer--type I/sliding: (MC type
95%) tx: none except manage GERD it causes
-type II/rolling: (paraesophageal) tx: surgical repair to
avoid complications (strangulation)
in comparing squamous cell vs adenocarcinoma of the
esophagus, which is:
-MC worldwide (90%) *VS* MC in the US
-MC in upper 1/3 of esophagus *VS* lower 1/3
-RF of untreated GERD/barrett's *VS* tobacco/EtOH use,
exposure to noxious stimuli, AA - Answer--squamous cell:
MC worldwide (90%), upper 1/3, RF: tobacco/EtOH use,
exposure to noxious stimuli, AA
-adenocarcinoma: MC in US, lower 1/3, RF: untx'd
GERD/barrett's
what are the 2 most common causes of gastritis? how are
they diagnosed and treated? - Answer-1. H. pylori MC-
,3|Page
stool antigen or urea breath test; tx: triple therapy: "CAP"
*clarithromycin + amoxicillin + PPI* or metronidazole if
PCN allergic; if macrolide resistance suspected do quad
therapy: PPI + bismuth subsalicylate + tetracycline +
metronidazole
2. NSAIDs/ASA- clinically dx but EGD gold std; tx: acid
suppression (PPI, H2RA, antacids)
is a *gastric* or *duodenal* ulcer more associated with
relief of epigastric pain (dyspepsia) with eating? which
type always needs a Bx and endoscopic monitoring 2-3
mos later to r/o malignancy and document healing? -
Answer--duodenal ulcer (area becomes more basic when
you eat in preparation for acid/food later on); these are 4x
more common that GUs
-gastric ulcer bc higher risk of malignancy
PPIs block the _______ pump of the ________ cell
reducing acid secretion; taken _____ min before meals
and can result in diarrhea, HA, hypomagnesemia, _____
deficiency, and hypocalcemia; which PPI causes CP450
inhibition? - Answer--H/K ATPase pump
-parietal cells
-30 min
, 4|Page
-B12 deficiency
-omeprazole causes CP450 inhibition (can inc levels of
theophyllin, warfarin, phenytoin, etc.)
which H2RA/H2 blocker causes CP450 inhibition (can inc
levels of theophyllin, warfarn, phenytoin, etc.) and can also
cause anti-androgen s/e (gynecomastia, impotence, dec
libido)? - Answer-cimetidine/Tagamet
what PUD tx is best for treating NSAID induced ulcers
because it is a prostaglandin E1 analog that increases
bicarb & mucus secretion? what pts is this drug
contraindicated in? - Answer--misoprostol
-CI: premenopausal women bc abortifacent and causes
cervical ripening
what PUD treatments are cytoprotective (forms viscous
adhesive ulcer coating that promotes healing and protects
stomach mucosa)? what s/e can they have? - Answer--
bismuth compounds (pepto-bismol, kaopectate): also
antibacterial; s/e: darkening of stool/tongue, constipation
-sucralfate/Carafate: s/e: may reduce bioavailability of
H2RA
PAEA GENERAL SURGERY EOR EXAM LATEST 2026
ACTUAL VERIFIED EXAM WITH COMPLETE
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS
(100% VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED A+|
||NEWEST EXAM!!!||
esophageal varices are MC d/t? tx to prevent rebleeds? -
Answer--cirrhosis as a complication of portal venous HTN
-long term tx:
1. nonselective BB: *propranolol, nadolol* 1st line
(reduces portal pressure) but not used in acute bleeds bc
pt may already be hypovolemic
2. *isosorbide*: long acting nitrate (vasodilator)
tx of an acute esophageal varices bleed? these have a 30-
50% mortality rate w/ 1st bleed and 70% recurrence rate
w/i 1st yr! - Answer-1. 2 large bore IV lines, IVF, +/- blood
transfusion
2. *endoscopic ligation* is tx of choice
3. pharmacologic vasoconstrictors- *octreotide* 1st line
(somatostatin analog), vasopressin
4. balloon tamponade
,2|Page
5. surgical decompression *TIPS* (transjugular
intrahepatic portosystemic shunt) connects portal vein to
hepatic vein to drain to IVC
what is the tx for type I/sliding hiatal hernia vs type
II/rolling hiatal hernias? - Answer--type I/sliding: (MC type
95%) tx: none except manage GERD it causes
-type II/rolling: (paraesophageal) tx: surgical repair to
avoid complications (strangulation)
in comparing squamous cell vs adenocarcinoma of the
esophagus, which is:
-MC worldwide (90%) *VS* MC in the US
-MC in upper 1/3 of esophagus *VS* lower 1/3
-RF of untreated GERD/barrett's *VS* tobacco/EtOH use,
exposure to noxious stimuli, AA - Answer--squamous cell:
MC worldwide (90%), upper 1/3, RF: tobacco/EtOH use,
exposure to noxious stimuli, AA
-adenocarcinoma: MC in US, lower 1/3, RF: untx'd
GERD/barrett's
what are the 2 most common causes of gastritis? how are
they diagnosed and treated? - Answer-1. H. pylori MC-
,3|Page
stool antigen or urea breath test; tx: triple therapy: "CAP"
*clarithromycin + amoxicillin + PPI* or metronidazole if
PCN allergic; if macrolide resistance suspected do quad
therapy: PPI + bismuth subsalicylate + tetracycline +
metronidazole
2. NSAIDs/ASA- clinically dx but EGD gold std; tx: acid
suppression (PPI, H2RA, antacids)
is a *gastric* or *duodenal* ulcer more associated with
relief of epigastric pain (dyspepsia) with eating? which
type always needs a Bx and endoscopic monitoring 2-3
mos later to r/o malignancy and document healing? -
Answer--duodenal ulcer (area becomes more basic when
you eat in preparation for acid/food later on); these are 4x
more common that GUs
-gastric ulcer bc higher risk of malignancy
PPIs block the _______ pump of the ________ cell
reducing acid secretion; taken _____ min before meals
and can result in diarrhea, HA, hypomagnesemia, _____
deficiency, and hypocalcemia; which PPI causes CP450
inhibition? - Answer--H/K ATPase pump
-parietal cells
-30 min
, 4|Page
-B12 deficiency
-omeprazole causes CP450 inhibition (can inc levels of
theophyllin, warfarin, phenytoin, etc.)
which H2RA/H2 blocker causes CP450 inhibition (can inc
levels of theophyllin, warfarn, phenytoin, etc.) and can also
cause anti-androgen s/e (gynecomastia, impotence, dec
libido)? - Answer-cimetidine/Tagamet
what PUD tx is best for treating NSAID induced ulcers
because it is a prostaglandin E1 analog that increases
bicarb & mucus secretion? what pts is this drug
contraindicated in? - Answer--misoprostol
-CI: premenopausal women bc abortifacent and causes
cervical ripening
what PUD treatments are cytoprotective (forms viscous
adhesive ulcer coating that promotes healing and protects
stomach mucosa)? what s/e can they have? - Answer--
bismuth compounds (pepto-bismol, kaopectate): also
antibacterial; s/e: darkening of stool/tongue, constipation
-sucralfate/Carafate: s/e: may reduce bioavailability of
H2RA
