ANAT 380 MODULE 2 ABDOMEN EXAM QUESTIONS ANSWERED CORRECTLY LATEST UPDATE 2026
9 regions of anterior abdominal wall - Answers 1. epigastric region
2. umbilical region
3. hypogastric region
4. left hypochondriac region
5. left lumbar region
6. left inguinal region
7. right hypochondriac region
8. right lumbar region
9. right inguinal region
9 layers of abdomen - Answers 1. skin
2. superficial fascia
3. investing fascia
4. external oblique
5. internal oblique
6. transversus abdominis
7. transversalis fascia
8. extraperitoneal fat
9. parietal peritoneum
two layers of superficial fascia - Answers outer layer (fatty camper's fascia)
Inner layer (membranous scarpa's fascia)
rectus sheath location and function - Answers layer of fascia enveloping rectum abdominis
protective layer in anterior abdominal wall
Tendinous rectus sheath components and encloses - Answers Internal obliques, external obliques and
trans versus abdominis becoming aponeurotic
Encloses rectum abdominis muscles
Linea alba - Answers Midline where rectum sheaths converge
Aponeurotic - Answers Flat sheath of tendon like material that anchors muscle or connects it with
part that muscle moves
Anterior abdominal arterial supply; 2 arteries and location - Answers Two arteries in rectus sheath
posterior to rectus abdominis muscle
Superior epigastric artery
Inferior epigastric artery
Superior epigastric artery - Answers Terminal branch of internal thoracic (mammary) artery
Enters rectum sheath posteriorly and anastomoses with inferior epigastric artery
Inferior epigastric artery - Answers Branch of external iliac artery
2 lymph node groups that drain anterior abdominal wall and lymph nodes included in them - Answers
1. Superficial lymphatic drainage: auxiliary nodes above umbilicus and superficial inguinal nodes
below umbilicus
2. Deep lymphatic drainage: drainage to external iliac, common iliac and lumbar nodes
Inguinal canal location, length and purpose - Answers 4-6cm
In lower anterior abdominal wall
Passage of structures between abdominal region and pelvic region
Inguinal rings purpose and function for clinicians - Answers Ends of inguinal canal
Doorways for contents to enter and exit canal
Essential for clinicians to locate canal to landmark location of canal
Main structure of inguinal canal in females - Answers Round ligament of uterus
Main structure of inguinal canal in males - Answers Spermatic cord
Round ligament of uterus structure - Answers Fibromuscular band attached to uterus on either side in
front and below opening of Fallopian tube passing through inguinal canal to labia majors
Spermatic cord - Answers Collection of vessels, nerves and ducts run from abdomen through inguinal
canal to testes
Ilioinguinal nerve - Answers In males and females
Passes through canal exiting through superficial inguinal ring
What does ilioinguinal nerve supply in females - Answers Skin of upper labia majora and moon pubis
Skin of adjacent upper thigh
, What does ilioinguinal nerve supply in males - Answers Skin of scrotum and root of penis
Skin of adjacent upper thigh
Superior components of posterior abdominal wall - Answers Diaphragm is border superiorly
Right and left crus of diaphragm insert onto lumbar vertebrae
Larger right cura originate from bodies of L1-3 and smaller left cura originate from bodies of L1 and L2
Inferior components of posterior abdominal wall - Answers Psoas major muscle
Iliacus muscle
Quadratus lumborum muscle
Psoas major muscle structure - Answers Long cylindrical originating on lumbar vertebrae
With iliacus forms iliopsoas attaching to lesser trochanter of femur
Quadratus lumborum structure - Answers Thin flat muscle on iliac crest and lumbar vertebrae and
inserts on rib 12
Hip bone AKA.. (4) - Answers Coxal bone, pelvic bone, innominate bone, os coxae
Origin site vs insertion site - Answers Origin site doesn't move with contraction but insertion site does
Lumbar plexus function and location - Answers Network of nerves responsible for innervation to skin
and musculature of lower limb
Formed in psoas major muscle from ventral rami of lumbar spinal nerves 1-4
7 branches of lumbar plexus - Answers 1. Iliohypogastric nerve
2. Ilioinguinal nerve
3. Genitofemoral nerve
4. Lateral femoral cutaneous nerve
5. Femoral nerve
6. Obturator nerve
7. Llumbosacral nerve
Iliohypogastric nerve innervation and spinal nerve number - Answers Spinal nerve L1
Supplies skin and muscles of lower anterior abdominal wall
Ilioinguinal nerve innervation and spinal nerve number - Answers L1
Runs through inguinal canal er going from superficial inguinal ring
Supples skin of upper medial thigh, root of penis and anterior scrotum in males and skin of mons
pubis and labium major in females
Genitofemoral nerve innervation and spinal nerve number - Answers L1 and L2
2 branches genital and femoral
Genital enters inguinal canal and femoral branch supplies skin on upper anterior thigh
lateral femoral cutaneous nerve innervation and spinal nerve number - Answers L2 and L3
Supply skin of anterolateral thigh
Femoral nerve innervation and spinal nerve number - Answers L2-L4
Supply muscle of anterior compartment of thigh, hip and knee joints and skin of anterior thigh
Obturator nerve innervation and spinal nerve number - Answers L2-L4
Supplies medial compartment of thigh, hip and knee joints and skin of medial thigh
Lumbosacral trunk structure and spinal nerve number - Answers Formed by L4 joining with L5
Joins S1-4 ventral rami forming sacral plexus
Abdominal viscera innervation - Answers Autonomic nerves in posterior abdominal wall
Lumbar sympathetic trunk location - Answers Runs down posterior abdominal wall lateral to vertebral
column
Vagal trunks innervation and formation - Answers Branches of right and left vagus nerve form it
Carry parasympathetic fibers to aortic plexus
Pelvic splanchnic nerves innervation - Answers Carry parasympathetic fibers to superior hypogastric
plexus
Spinal nerves S2-4
How many autonomic plexuses are there in posterior abdominal wall - Answers 5
Aortic plexus association and innervation - Answers Autonomic plexus
Assocaited with prevertebral ganglia which are celiac superiormesenteric, inferior mesenteric and
aorticorenal ganglia
Innervate organs of abdomen, stomach, intestines and kidneys
Superior hypogastric plexus - Answers Autonomic plexus
Branch of aortic plexus at descending aorta
Innervates pelvis, uterus, prostate, bladder, rectum and perineum
9 regions of anterior abdominal wall - Answers 1. epigastric region
2. umbilical region
3. hypogastric region
4. left hypochondriac region
5. left lumbar region
6. left inguinal region
7. right hypochondriac region
8. right lumbar region
9. right inguinal region
9 layers of abdomen - Answers 1. skin
2. superficial fascia
3. investing fascia
4. external oblique
5. internal oblique
6. transversus abdominis
7. transversalis fascia
8. extraperitoneal fat
9. parietal peritoneum
two layers of superficial fascia - Answers outer layer (fatty camper's fascia)
Inner layer (membranous scarpa's fascia)
rectus sheath location and function - Answers layer of fascia enveloping rectum abdominis
protective layer in anterior abdominal wall
Tendinous rectus sheath components and encloses - Answers Internal obliques, external obliques and
trans versus abdominis becoming aponeurotic
Encloses rectum abdominis muscles
Linea alba - Answers Midline where rectum sheaths converge
Aponeurotic - Answers Flat sheath of tendon like material that anchors muscle or connects it with
part that muscle moves
Anterior abdominal arterial supply; 2 arteries and location - Answers Two arteries in rectus sheath
posterior to rectus abdominis muscle
Superior epigastric artery
Inferior epigastric artery
Superior epigastric artery - Answers Terminal branch of internal thoracic (mammary) artery
Enters rectum sheath posteriorly and anastomoses with inferior epigastric artery
Inferior epigastric artery - Answers Branch of external iliac artery
2 lymph node groups that drain anterior abdominal wall and lymph nodes included in them - Answers
1. Superficial lymphatic drainage: auxiliary nodes above umbilicus and superficial inguinal nodes
below umbilicus
2. Deep lymphatic drainage: drainage to external iliac, common iliac and lumbar nodes
Inguinal canal location, length and purpose - Answers 4-6cm
In lower anterior abdominal wall
Passage of structures between abdominal region and pelvic region
Inguinal rings purpose and function for clinicians - Answers Ends of inguinal canal
Doorways for contents to enter and exit canal
Essential for clinicians to locate canal to landmark location of canal
Main structure of inguinal canal in females - Answers Round ligament of uterus
Main structure of inguinal canal in males - Answers Spermatic cord
Round ligament of uterus structure - Answers Fibromuscular band attached to uterus on either side in
front and below opening of Fallopian tube passing through inguinal canal to labia majors
Spermatic cord - Answers Collection of vessels, nerves and ducts run from abdomen through inguinal
canal to testes
Ilioinguinal nerve - Answers In males and females
Passes through canal exiting through superficial inguinal ring
What does ilioinguinal nerve supply in females - Answers Skin of upper labia majora and moon pubis
Skin of adjacent upper thigh
, What does ilioinguinal nerve supply in males - Answers Skin of scrotum and root of penis
Skin of adjacent upper thigh
Superior components of posterior abdominal wall - Answers Diaphragm is border superiorly
Right and left crus of diaphragm insert onto lumbar vertebrae
Larger right cura originate from bodies of L1-3 and smaller left cura originate from bodies of L1 and L2
Inferior components of posterior abdominal wall - Answers Psoas major muscle
Iliacus muscle
Quadratus lumborum muscle
Psoas major muscle structure - Answers Long cylindrical originating on lumbar vertebrae
With iliacus forms iliopsoas attaching to lesser trochanter of femur
Quadratus lumborum structure - Answers Thin flat muscle on iliac crest and lumbar vertebrae and
inserts on rib 12
Hip bone AKA.. (4) - Answers Coxal bone, pelvic bone, innominate bone, os coxae
Origin site vs insertion site - Answers Origin site doesn't move with contraction but insertion site does
Lumbar plexus function and location - Answers Network of nerves responsible for innervation to skin
and musculature of lower limb
Formed in psoas major muscle from ventral rami of lumbar spinal nerves 1-4
7 branches of lumbar plexus - Answers 1. Iliohypogastric nerve
2. Ilioinguinal nerve
3. Genitofemoral nerve
4. Lateral femoral cutaneous nerve
5. Femoral nerve
6. Obturator nerve
7. Llumbosacral nerve
Iliohypogastric nerve innervation and spinal nerve number - Answers Spinal nerve L1
Supplies skin and muscles of lower anterior abdominal wall
Ilioinguinal nerve innervation and spinal nerve number - Answers L1
Runs through inguinal canal er going from superficial inguinal ring
Supples skin of upper medial thigh, root of penis and anterior scrotum in males and skin of mons
pubis and labium major in females
Genitofemoral nerve innervation and spinal nerve number - Answers L1 and L2
2 branches genital and femoral
Genital enters inguinal canal and femoral branch supplies skin on upper anterior thigh
lateral femoral cutaneous nerve innervation and spinal nerve number - Answers L2 and L3
Supply skin of anterolateral thigh
Femoral nerve innervation and spinal nerve number - Answers L2-L4
Supply muscle of anterior compartment of thigh, hip and knee joints and skin of anterior thigh
Obturator nerve innervation and spinal nerve number - Answers L2-L4
Supplies medial compartment of thigh, hip and knee joints and skin of medial thigh
Lumbosacral trunk structure and spinal nerve number - Answers Formed by L4 joining with L5
Joins S1-4 ventral rami forming sacral plexus
Abdominal viscera innervation - Answers Autonomic nerves in posterior abdominal wall
Lumbar sympathetic trunk location - Answers Runs down posterior abdominal wall lateral to vertebral
column
Vagal trunks innervation and formation - Answers Branches of right and left vagus nerve form it
Carry parasympathetic fibers to aortic plexus
Pelvic splanchnic nerves innervation - Answers Carry parasympathetic fibers to superior hypogastric
plexus
Spinal nerves S2-4
How many autonomic plexuses are there in posterior abdominal wall - Answers 5
Aortic plexus association and innervation - Answers Autonomic plexus
Assocaited with prevertebral ganglia which are celiac superiormesenteric, inferior mesenteric and
aorticorenal ganglia
Innervate organs of abdomen, stomach, intestines and kidneys
Superior hypogastric plexus - Answers Autonomic plexus
Branch of aortic plexus at descending aorta
Innervates pelvis, uterus, prostate, bladder, rectum and perineum
