BIOL 235 Midterm 2 UPDATED ACTUAL Questions
and CORRECT Answers
origin attachment of a muscles tendon to a stationary
bone
insertion The attachment of a muscle tendon to a moveable
bone
opposite of the origin
Belly (body) the fleshy portion of the muscle between the
tendons
,Reverse Muscle Action (RMA) during specific movements of the body the actions
are reversed; therefore, the positions of the origin
and insertion of a specific muscle are switched.
Fulcrum fixed point on a lever
Effort causes the movement
force exerted by muscle contraction
Load opposes the movement
Mechanical Advantage (MA) load is closer to the fulcrum and effort is farther
from the fulcrum
only a small amount of effort needed to move the
load over a small distance
mechanical disadvantage load is farther from fulcrum than effort applied,
large effort is required to move a small load
, First class levers The fulcrum is between the effort and the load
ex: see saw, scissors
can produce a mechanical advantage and
disadvantage
in the body: head sitting on the Atlanto-axial joint
second class levers the load is closer to the fulcrum than the effort
like a wheelbarrow
always produce mechanical advantage, sacrifices
speed for force
ex: standing up on your toes
third class levers The effort is between the fulcrum and the load
always produce a mechanical disadvantage
ex: biceps brachii muscle
prime mover (agonist) muscle that contracts to produce a particular
movement
and CORRECT Answers
origin attachment of a muscles tendon to a stationary
bone
insertion The attachment of a muscle tendon to a moveable
bone
opposite of the origin
Belly (body) the fleshy portion of the muscle between the
tendons
,Reverse Muscle Action (RMA) during specific movements of the body the actions
are reversed; therefore, the positions of the origin
and insertion of a specific muscle are switched.
Fulcrum fixed point on a lever
Effort causes the movement
force exerted by muscle contraction
Load opposes the movement
Mechanical Advantage (MA) load is closer to the fulcrum and effort is farther
from the fulcrum
only a small amount of effort needed to move the
load over a small distance
mechanical disadvantage load is farther from fulcrum than effort applied,
large effort is required to move a small load
, First class levers The fulcrum is between the effort and the load
ex: see saw, scissors
can produce a mechanical advantage and
disadvantage
in the body: head sitting on the Atlanto-axial joint
second class levers the load is closer to the fulcrum than the effort
like a wheelbarrow
always produce mechanical advantage, sacrifices
speed for force
ex: standing up on your toes
third class levers The effort is between the fulcrum and the load
always produce a mechanical disadvantage
ex: biceps brachii muscle
prime mover (agonist) muscle that contracts to produce a particular
movement
