exam 2 bio 2260 UPDATED ACTUAL Questions and CORRECT
Answers
ateries blood vessel order
capillaries
veins
tunica intima -most deep layer
-Endothelium of simple squamous epithelium which tracks and controls diameter
of blood vessels
-In contact with blood
tunica media -middle layer of vessel wall
-Circulatory arranged layers of smooth muscle cells with elastic fibers
-Contraction causes vasoconstriction: narrows lumen
-Relaxation causes vasodilation: widens lumen
tunica externa -most superficial layer of vessel wall
-Helps anchor vessel to other structures
-May contain vasa vasorum
-Connective tissue that provides support
arteries vs veins 1.have a thicker tunica media and a narrower lumen than veins
2.have a thicker tunica externa and larger lumen than arteries
arteries -branch into smaller vessels extending from the heart
-Classified by appearance
-Convey blood from heart to capillaries
elastic arteries (conducting) -Largest of the arteries
-Conduct blood from the heart and to the muscular arteries
-have a large proportion of elastin fibers that allow stretch and recoil
-under the greatest amount of pressure
-aorta, pulmonary trunk, common carotid
muscular arteries (distributing) -Medium arteries
-Distribute blood to specific body regions
-Muscle allows for vasoconstriction and vasodilation
-Most named arteries: brachial, coronary
arterioles -Smallest of the arteries
-Smooth muscle usually somewhat constricted
-Called vasomotor tone: regulated by vasomotor in brainstem
-Regulate systemic BP
-Regulates blood flow to tissues
, capillaries -Small vessels connecting arteries to venules
-Erythrocytes travel in single file (Rouleau)
-Have the greatest cross sectional area
-Have the slowest blood flow
-Uses for exchange of gases, nutrients, and waste via diffusion
continuous -Endothelial cells form a continuous lining
-Tight junctions connect cells but do not form a complete seal
• Form blood- brain barrier
-Found in muscle, skin, lungs, CNS
fenestrated -Endothelial cells form a continuous lining but have fenestrations (pores)
-Allow movement of small plasma proteins
-Found in areas where fluid transport occurs
-Intestinal lining and kidney capillaries
sinusoids -Endothelial cells form an incomplete lining
-Basement membrane is absent or incomplete
-Large substances can pass through
-Found in bone marrow, spleen, and some endocrine glands
capillary beds groups of capillaries functioning togther
venules -Smallest venules are postcapillary venules
-Largest venules have all three tunics
-Venules merge to form veins
veins -Most veins have numerous valves to prevent blood pooling in the limbs and
ensure blood flows toward the heart
-Have the lowest pressure
-Systemic veins act as blood reservoirs
-Blood can be moved from veins into circulation via vasoconstriction of veins
-Blood can be shifted back into reservoirs vis vasodilation
at rest 70% of blood in systemic circulation
55% systemic veins
10% systemic arteries
5% systemic capillaries
Atherosclerosis -Plaque buildup in arteries
-Presence of atheroma (plaque)
*Thickening of tunica intima
*Narrowing of lumen
-Can be treated with healthy diet and exercise, with statin, a stent, or angioplasty
-Increased cholesterol in the blood is hypercholesterolemia
*Males are more prone than females
*Treatment is coronary bypass
Answers
ateries blood vessel order
capillaries
veins
tunica intima -most deep layer
-Endothelium of simple squamous epithelium which tracks and controls diameter
of blood vessels
-In contact with blood
tunica media -middle layer of vessel wall
-Circulatory arranged layers of smooth muscle cells with elastic fibers
-Contraction causes vasoconstriction: narrows lumen
-Relaxation causes vasodilation: widens lumen
tunica externa -most superficial layer of vessel wall
-Helps anchor vessel to other structures
-May contain vasa vasorum
-Connective tissue that provides support
arteries vs veins 1.have a thicker tunica media and a narrower lumen than veins
2.have a thicker tunica externa and larger lumen than arteries
arteries -branch into smaller vessels extending from the heart
-Classified by appearance
-Convey blood from heart to capillaries
elastic arteries (conducting) -Largest of the arteries
-Conduct blood from the heart and to the muscular arteries
-have a large proportion of elastin fibers that allow stretch and recoil
-under the greatest amount of pressure
-aorta, pulmonary trunk, common carotid
muscular arteries (distributing) -Medium arteries
-Distribute blood to specific body regions
-Muscle allows for vasoconstriction and vasodilation
-Most named arteries: brachial, coronary
arterioles -Smallest of the arteries
-Smooth muscle usually somewhat constricted
-Called vasomotor tone: regulated by vasomotor in brainstem
-Regulate systemic BP
-Regulates blood flow to tissues
, capillaries -Small vessels connecting arteries to venules
-Erythrocytes travel in single file (Rouleau)
-Have the greatest cross sectional area
-Have the slowest blood flow
-Uses for exchange of gases, nutrients, and waste via diffusion
continuous -Endothelial cells form a continuous lining
-Tight junctions connect cells but do not form a complete seal
• Form blood- brain barrier
-Found in muscle, skin, lungs, CNS
fenestrated -Endothelial cells form a continuous lining but have fenestrations (pores)
-Allow movement of small plasma proteins
-Found in areas where fluid transport occurs
-Intestinal lining and kidney capillaries
sinusoids -Endothelial cells form an incomplete lining
-Basement membrane is absent or incomplete
-Large substances can pass through
-Found in bone marrow, spleen, and some endocrine glands
capillary beds groups of capillaries functioning togther
venules -Smallest venules are postcapillary venules
-Largest venules have all three tunics
-Venules merge to form veins
veins -Most veins have numerous valves to prevent blood pooling in the limbs and
ensure blood flows toward the heart
-Have the lowest pressure
-Systemic veins act as blood reservoirs
-Blood can be moved from veins into circulation via vasoconstriction of veins
-Blood can be shifted back into reservoirs vis vasodilation
at rest 70% of blood in systemic circulation
55% systemic veins
10% systemic arteries
5% systemic capillaries
Atherosclerosis -Plaque buildup in arteries
-Presence of atheroma (plaque)
*Thickening of tunica intima
*Narrowing of lumen
-Can be treated with healthy diet and exercise, with statin, a stent, or angioplasty
-Increased cholesterol in the blood is hypercholesterolemia
*Males are more prone than females
*Treatment is coronary bypass
