BIOS 2210 Exam 1 UPDATED ACTUAL Questions and CORRECT
Answers
where are microbes found ? almost every habitat present in nature, including hostile environments (like north
poles, south poles, deserts, geysers and rocks). they also include all of the marine
microbes of oceans and deep sea
microorganisms (microbes) harmless to humans; many are helpful. fundamental roles in ecosystems, forming
the backbone of many food webs. used to make biofuels, medicines and even
food. some microbes humans cannot live without while others can cause diseases
that can make us sick or lead to death
where are microbes not found ? sterile environments
prokaryotes nucleoid (no nucleus); circular DNA that floats freely; simpler DNA; no membrane
bound organelles; typically smaller and unicellular; anaerobic and aerobic;
bacteria and archaea; cell wall; no centrioles; cilia and flagella (complex); no
golgi; no lysosomes; no peroxisomes; has a plasma membrane; one long DNA
(chromosomes); has ribosomes; no ER
eukaryotes nucleus; linear DNA held in nucleus; complex DNA; membrane bound organelles;
typically larger and multicellular; aerobic, plants, animals and fungi; animals have
no cell wall, plants do have a cell wall; has centrioles; cilia and flagella (simple);
has golgi; lysosomes are common in animals but not present in plants; has
peroxisomes and plasma membrane; several chromosomes; has ribosomes; ER is
present
what do prokaryotes and eukaryotes have in common ? chromosomes, DNA as genetic material, ribosomes, cytoplasm, plasma
membrane, vacuoles, cell walls (sometimes)
binomial nomenclature assigns organisms latinized scientific names with a genus and species designation;
ex: Homo (species capitalized) sapiens (genus- lowercase)
disease vs virus naming example disease: coronavirus (COVID-19)
virus: severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)
acellular not composed of cells; viruses
three domains of life archaea, bacteria and eukarya
bacteria and archaea all prokaryotes (cells lack a nucleus); can be found in extreme environments
differences between bacteria and archaea evolutionary history, genetics, metabolic pathways and cell wall/membrane
compositions
eukarya eukaryotes (cells have a nucleus)
, some microbes, such as ___ , do not fall within the three viruses
domains of life
bacteria most bacteria are harmless or helpful, but some are pathogens (causing disease in
humans and other animals); prokaryotic because their genetic material (DNA) is
not housed within a true nucleus; most bacteria have cell walls that contain
peptidoglycan
common bacteria shapes spherical (coccus), rod-shaped (bacillus) or curved (spirillum, spirochete or vibrio)
photosynthetic bacteria use energy derived from sunlight and fix carbon dioxide for growth (also algae)
non-photosynthetic bacteria obtain energy from in/organic compounds in their environment
archaea unicellular prokaryotic microbes; none have been identified as human pathogens;
cell walls do not contain peptidoglycan, but their cell walls are often composed
of a similar subsistence called pseudopeptidoglycan
protists unicellular eukaryotes that are not plants, animals or fungi; ex are algae and
protozoa
algae plant-like, contain chlorophyll, cell wall (cellulose)
protozoa single-celled animals, no cell wall or chlorophyll
fungi eukaryote; not photosynthetic and their cell walls are usually made of chitin (not
cellulose); ex are mold (decomposition of dead animals and plants) and yeast
helminths eukaryotes; multicellular parasitic worms; not technically microbes because most
can be seen without a microscope but are considered microbes because diseases
by helminths involve microscopic eggs and larvae
viruses prokaryotic; acellular; essentially, a virus consists of proteins and genetic material
(DNA or RNA but never both) that are inert outside of the host's cellular
mechanisms to multiply and infect other hosts
microbiology study of all different types of microorganisms
bacteriology study of bacteria and archaea
mycology study of fungi (yeasts and molds)
protozoology study of protozoans
parasitology study of parasites
Answers
where are microbes found ? almost every habitat present in nature, including hostile environments (like north
poles, south poles, deserts, geysers and rocks). they also include all of the marine
microbes of oceans and deep sea
microorganisms (microbes) harmless to humans; many are helpful. fundamental roles in ecosystems, forming
the backbone of many food webs. used to make biofuels, medicines and even
food. some microbes humans cannot live without while others can cause diseases
that can make us sick or lead to death
where are microbes not found ? sterile environments
prokaryotes nucleoid (no nucleus); circular DNA that floats freely; simpler DNA; no membrane
bound organelles; typically smaller and unicellular; anaerobic and aerobic;
bacteria and archaea; cell wall; no centrioles; cilia and flagella (complex); no
golgi; no lysosomes; no peroxisomes; has a plasma membrane; one long DNA
(chromosomes); has ribosomes; no ER
eukaryotes nucleus; linear DNA held in nucleus; complex DNA; membrane bound organelles;
typically larger and multicellular; aerobic, plants, animals and fungi; animals have
no cell wall, plants do have a cell wall; has centrioles; cilia and flagella (simple);
has golgi; lysosomes are common in animals but not present in plants; has
peroxisomes and plasma membrane; several chromosomes; has ribosomes; ER is
present
what do prokaryotes and eukaryotes have in common ? chromosomes, DNA as genetic material, ribosomes, cytoplasm, plasma
membrane, vacuoles, cell walls (sometimes)
binomial nomenclature assigns organisms latinized scientific names with a genus and species designation;
ex: Homo (species capitalized) sapiens (genus- lowercase)
disease vs virus naming example disease: coronavirus (COVID-19)
virus: severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)
acellular not composed of cells; viruses
three domains of life archaea, bacteria and eukarya
bacteria and archaea all prokaryotes (cells lack a nucleus); can be found in extreme environments
differences between bacteria and archaea evolutionary history, genetics, metabolic pathways and cell wall/membrane
compositions
eukarya eukaryotes (cells have a nucleus)
, some microbes, such as ___ , do not fall within the three viruses
domains of life
bacteria most bacteria are harmless or helpful, but some are pathogens (causing disease in
humans and other animals); prokaryotic because their genetic material (DNA) is
not housed within a true nucleus; most bacteria have cell walls that contain
peptidoglycan
common bacteria shapes spherical (coccus), rod-shaped (bacillus) or curved (spirillum, spirochete or vibrio)
photosynthetic bacteria use energy derived from sunlight and fix carbon dioxide for growth (also algae)
non-photosynthetic bacteria obtain energy from in/organic compounds in their environment
archaea unicellular prokaryotic microbes; none have been identified as human pathogens;
cell walls do not contain peptidoglycan, but their cell walls are often composed
of a similar subsistence called pseudopeptidoglycan
protists unicellular eukaryotes that are not plants, animals or fungi; ex are algae and
protozoa
algae plant-like, contain chlorophyll, cell wall (cellulose)
protozoa single-celled animals, no cell wall or chlorophyll
fungi eukaryote; not photosynthetic and their cell walls are usually made of chitin (not
cellulose); ex are mold (decomposition of dead animals and plants) and yeast
helminths eukaryotes; multicellular parasitic worms; not technically microbes because most
can be seen without a microscope but are considered microbes because diseases
by helminths involve microscopic eggs and larvae
viruses prokaryotic; acellular; essentially, a virus consists of proteins and genetic material
(DNA or RNA but never both) that are inert outside of the host's cellular
mechanisms to multiply and infect other hosts
microbiology study of all different types of microorganisms
bacteriology study of bacteria and archaea
mycology study of fungi (yeasts and molds)
protozoology study of protozoans
parasitology study of parasites
