BIOL 226 EXAM 2 Objectives 1-4 UPDATED ACTUAL Questions
and CORRECT Answers
What is the endocrine gland? Ductless gland that secretes hormones directly into the blood
"inside"
What are exocrine glands? Glands that produce a secretion and release it outside the body (sweat and oil
glands)
"outside"
Where do hormones travel? bloodstream
What do hormones have to do to secrete into the They have to bind to target cells
bloodstream? There are target cells specific to hormones, if not specific to the hormone, it
continues on and passes by
What are the two ways we control and regulate? Nervous system (impulse)
Endocrine system (through the blood stream)
Identify the three categories of hormones based on their Steroids
chemical composition Proteins/glycoprotein/peptide hormones
amines (tyrosine derivatives)
Steroids -lipids characterized by a carbon skeleton consisting of four fused rings
-are all fat soluble
Proteins/glycoproteins/peptides -None of the hormones in this category are fat soluble.
-They are made of long chains of amino acids, are carbs joined to proteins, or are
short amino acid chains.
Amines (tyrosine derivatives) - Some are fat soluble, and some are not
- Different chemical structures have an influence on the movement of hormones
What is upregulation in hormone receptors? - increase the number of receptors
- happens when not making enough of the hormone
- Every molecule of the hormone that is made finds a receptor
What is downregulation in hormone receptors? - decrease the number of receptors
- Making too much of the hormone
- Amount of hormones binding always remains constant
Does upregulation and downregulation happen No, the change in the number of hormone receptors is not instant. It takes quite
overnight? some time for the body to adjust to excessive or diminished levels
Thyroid Amines (tyrosine derivatives) from this organ are fat soluble
and CORRECT Answers
What is the endocrine gland? Ductless gland that secretes hormones directly into the blood
"inside"
What are exocrine glands? Glands that produce a secretion and release it outside the body (sweat and oil
glands)
"outside"
Where do hormones travel? bloodstream
What do hormones have to do to secrete into the They have to bind to target cells
bloodstream? There are target cells specific to hormones, if not specific to the hormone, it
continues on and passes by
What are the two ways we control and regulate? Nervous system (impulse)
Endocrine system (through the blood stream)
Identify the three categories of hormones based on their Steroids
chemical composition Proteins/glycoprotein/peptide hormones
amines (tyrosine derivatives)
Steroids -lipids characterized by a carbon skeleton consisting of four fused rings
-are all fat soluble
Proteins/glycoproteins/peptides -None of the hormones in this category are fat soluble.
-They are made of long chains of amino acids, are carbs joined to proteins, or are
short amino acid chains.
Amines (tyrosine derivatives) - Some are fat soluble, and some are not
- Different chemical structures have an influence on the movement of hormones
What is upregulation in hormone receptors? - increase the number of receptors
- happens when not making enough of the hormone
- Every molecule of the hormone that is made finds a receptor
What is downregulation in hormone receptors? - decrease the number of receptors
- Making too much of the hormone
- Amount of hormones binding always remains constant
Does upregulation and downregulation happen No, the change in the number of hormone receptors is not instant. It takes quite
overnight? some time for the body to adjust to excessive or diminished levels
Thyroid Amines (tyrosine derivatives) from this organ are fat soluble
