Bio 226-Exam 1-Melton UPDATED ACTUAL Questions and
CORRECT Answers
major endocrine glands Pineal
Hypothalamus
Pituitary
Thyroid
Parathyroid
Thymus
Adrenal
Pancreas
Gonads
Endocrine system works with the Nervous System to control the body
Endocrine glands pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal, pineal, and thymus
Pancreas and Gonads are both endocrine and exocrine
pancreas exocrine function digestion
pancreas endocrine insulin and glucagon
Hormones chemical substances secreted by cells into the extracellular fluids (blood)
ductless glands hormones are produced by what? (endocrine)
hormone -regulate metabolic function
-slower to work, and last longer than Nervous system Neurotransmitters (think of
cortisone)
-Negative feedback
, Two types of hormones -Steroid
-amino acid based
Hormone Action -alter plasma membrane permeability
-stimulate protein synthesis
-Activate or deactivate enzyme
-Induce secretory activity
-stimulate mitosis
Amino Acid based hormones -peptides (long chain) and monoamines
-water soluble
-Work fast, but duration is limited
-transported freely
most hormones belong to this class
Steroid hormones -derived from cholesterol
-lipid soluble
-work slowly, long duration
-requires plasma protein (M&M coating)
Gonadal and adrenocortical hormones
Second Messenger and Direct gene activation By what two mechanisms do hormones alter target cell activity?
Second messenger mechanism -used by amino acid based hormones
-requires membrane bound receptor
in cell membrane
except Thyroxine
Hypothalamus; Posterior Pituitary ADH and oxytocin are produced by the ______ and released by the ____ _.
direct gene activation -used by steroids and thyroxine
-requires intracellular receptor on target cell
in cytoplasm or nucleus
Steroid Which hormones are slower acting, yet longer lasting?
Second Messenger Mechanism (4 steps) 1. hormone binds to receptor
2. Receptor activates G protein
3. Another molecule is produced
4. A biological effect is achieved (enzymes, muscle contraction, etc.)
Direct Gene Activation -hormone directly enters and binds/or activates intracellular receptor
-travels to nucleus; binds to DNA
-DNA transcription produces mRNA
-mRNA translated into proteins
CORRECT Answers
major endocrine glands Pineal
Hypothalamus
Pituitary
Thyroid
Parathyroid
Thymus
Adrenal
Pancreas
Gonads
Endocrine system works with the Nervous System to control the body
Endocrine glands pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal, pineal, and thymus
Pancreas and Gonads are both endocrine and exocrine
pancreas exocrine function digestion
pancreas endocrine insulin and glucagon
Hormones chemical substances secreted by cells into the extracellular fluids (blood)
ductless glands hormones are produced by what? (endocrine)
hormone -regulate metabolic function
-slower to work, and last longer than Nervous system Neurotransmitters (think of
cortisone)
-Negative feedback
, Two types of hormones -Steroid
-amino acid based
Hormone Action -alter plasma membrane permeability
-stimulate protein synthesis
-Activate or deactivate enzyme
-Induce secretory activity
-stimulate mitosis
Amino Acid based hormones -peptides (long chain) and monoamines
-water soluble
-Work fast, but duration is limited
-transported freely
most hormones belong to this class
Steroid hormones -derived from cholesterol
-lipid soluble
-work slowly, long duration
-requires plasma protein (M&M coating)
Gonadal and adrenocortical hormones
Second Messenger and Direct gene activation By what two mechanisms do hormones alter target cell activity?
Second messenger mechanism -used by amino acid based hormones
-requires membrane bound receptor
in cell membrane
except Thyroxine
Hypothalamus; Posterior Pituitary ADH and oxytocin are produced by the ______ and released by the ____ _.
direct gene activation -used by steroids and thyroxine
-requires intracellular receptor on target cell
in cytoplasm or nucleus
Steroid Which hormones are slower acting, yet longer lasting?
Second Messenger Mechanism (4 steps) 1. hormone binds to receptor
2. Receptor activates G protein
3. Another molecule is produced
4. A biological effect is achieved (enzymes, muscle contraction, etc.)
Direct Gene Activation -hormone directly enters and binds/or activates intracellular receptor
-travels to nucleus; binds to DNA
-DNA transcription produces mRNA
-mRNA translated into proteins
