Bio 226 Exam 1 Material UPDATED ACTUAL Questions and
CORRECT Answers
Why is studying cells important? -We can study the structure, function, behavior, and evolution of the cells.
-We can study the biological macromolecules that make up cells.
-Cells fundamental units of life
-We can use it in wide variety of applications from basic research to agriculture to
medicine.
What are the biological macromolecules Proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and carbohydrates.
Who is William Astbury? -Physical biochemist in 1945
-Coined the term molecular biology
-Was interested in study the forms of biological molecules/ macromolecules.
-Reductionism was prominent at this time.
What is reductionism The idea that the best way to study something is to take it apart and study it in
small bits.
Who was Max Delbruck and what did he do? -Another example of studying through reductionism
-Studied bacteriophages (viruses that infect bacteria)
-"the phage group"
-We find that a lot of the early work to understand processes like transcription
through bacteria (like replication through viruses)
What molecular study did molecular biology begin to -molecular genetics
focus on over time -DNA replication, transcription, and translation
-Basic biochemical processes within the cell that are important for central dogma
Why is the study of cells important for understanding life -it is used for a variety of applications.
-Cells are the basic unit of life
-When we understand how cells work we can understand how organisms work
Why can we use many different organisms (simple are Many proteins, processes, and pathways are evolutionarily conserved, making
complex) to study processes and pathways organisms have very similar processes.
What is an example of conserved processes in cells In yeast cells, the cell cycle is very similar to that in humans
How can cells be studied in cell-free systems We can take things out of a cell and see how they work. We can have the building
blocks, take them out, and see how they function which will allow us to better
understand the cell as a whole.
When were the first microscope constructed? What did it In the late 16th century. It helped us to see cells that we cannot see with our
do? naked eye and further explore them
Why was Hooke important in exploring the microscopic -microscopist
world -coined the word "cell" while he was studying corks
-Saw what looked like pores in his cork sample that reminded him of monks (why
he called them cells)
, Why was Von Leeuwenhoek important in explore the -Built microscopes in his free time
microscopic world -Looked at pond water and saw things called "animalcules" and described the
shapes he saw in bacteria
-He saw organisms darting around his pond water
-Was one of the first to describe the types, shapes, and structures of bacteria
When was the widespread importance of cells becoming The 1800s, especially microscopically
recognized -Schleiden, Shwann, and Virchow
What did Schleiden and Schwann do -Schleiden studied plant cells
-Schwann studied animals
-They were both discovering that things were mad up of cells
-They do not realize that cells are arriving through different cells, and did not
understand where they came from
-Began to realize that plant and animal cells were similar.
-They found that the plant embryo appeared to be rising from a single cell
(Schleiden)
What did Virchow discover in cells -Founded the idea that cells arrive from different cells
What is cell theory -Organisms are composed of one or more cells
-The cell is the structural unit of life
-cells arise by the division of preexisting cells
What is reconstitution Trying to recreate the process of a cell outside the cell
CORRECT Answers
Why is studying cells important? -We can study the structure, function, behavior, and evolution of the cells.
-We can study the biological macromolecules that make up cells.
-Cells fundamental units of life
-We can use it in wide variety of applications from basic research to agriculture to
medicine.
What are the biological macromolecules Proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and carbohydrates.
Who is William Astbury? -Physical biochemist in 1945
-Coined the term molecular biology
-Was interested in study the forms of biological molecules/ macromolecules.
-Reductionism was prominent at this time.
What is reductionism The idea that the best way to study something is to take it apart and study it in
small bits.
Who was Max Delbruck and what did he do? -Another example of studying through reductionism
-Studied bacteriophages (viruses that infect bacteria)
-"the phage group"
-We find that a lot of the early work to understand processes like transcription
through bacteria (like replication through viruses)
What molecular study did molecular biology begin to -molecular genetics
focus on over time -DNA replication, transcription, and translation
-Basic biochemical processes within the cell that are important for central dogma
Why is the study of cells important for understanding life -it is used for a variety of applications.
-Cells are the basic unit of life
-When we understand how cells work we can understand how organisms work
Why can we use many different organisms (simple are Many proteins, processes, and pathways are evolutionarily conserved, making
complex) to study processes and pathways organisms have very similar processes.
What is an example of conserved processes in cells In yeast cells, the cell cycle is very similar to that in humans
How can cells be studied in cell-free systems We can take things out of a cell and see how they work. We can have the building
blocks, take them out, and see how they function which will allow us to better
understand the cell as a whole.
When were the first microscope constructed? What did it In the late 16th century. It helped us to see cells that we cannot see with our
do? naked eye and further explore them
Why was Hooke important in exploring the microscopic -microscopist
world -coined the word "cell" while he was studying corks
-Saw what looked like pores in his cork sample that reminded him of monks (why
he called them cells)
, Why was Von Leeuwenhoek important in explore the -Built microscopes in his free time
microscopic world -Looked at pond water and saw things called "animalcules" and described the
shapes he saw in bacteria
-He saw organisms darting around his pond water
-Was one of the first to describe the types, shapes, and structures of bacteria
When was the widespread importance of cells becoming The 1800s, especially microscopically
recognized -Schleiden, Shwann, and Virchow
What did Schleiden and Schwann do -Schleiden studied plant cells
-Schwann studied animals
-They were both discovering that things were mad up of cells
-They do not realize that cells are arriving through different cells, and did not
understand where they came from
-Began to realize that plant and animal cells were similar.
-They found that the plant embryo appeared to be rising from a single cell
(Schleiden)
What did Virchow discover in cells -Founded the idea that cells arrive from different cells
What is cell theory -Organisms are composed of one or more cells
-The cell is the structural unit of life
-cells arise by the division of preexisting cells
What is reconstitution Trying to recreate the process of a cell outside the cell
