, TESTBANK FOR Health Promotion and Aging
Practical Applications for Health Professionals 8th
Edition Haber
Notes
1- The file is chapter after chapter.
2- We have shown you few pages sample.
3- The file contains all Appendix and Excel sheet
if it exists.
4- We have all what you need, we make update
at every time. There are many new editions
waiting you.
5- If you think you purchased the wrong file You
can contact us at every time, we can replace it
with true one.
Our email:
, Test Bank for
HEALTH PROMOTION
AND AGING
Practical Applications for Health Professionals
Eighth Edition
David Haber, PhD
ISBN: 978-0-8261-8496-2
,Copyright © 2020 Springer Publishing Company, LLC
All rights reserved.
No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any
form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without
the prior permission of Springer Publishing Company, LLC, or authorization through payment of
the appropriate fees to the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc., 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA
01923, 978-750-8400, fax 978-646-8600, or on the Web at
www.copyright.com.
Springer Publishing Company, LLC
11 West 42nd Street
New York, NY 10036
www.springerpub.com
ISBN: 978-0-8261-8496-2
The author and the publisher of this Work have made every effort to use sources believed to be
reliable to provide information that is accurate and compatible with the standards generally
accepted at the time of publication. Because medical science is continually advancing, our
knowledge base continues to expand. Therefore, as new information becomes available, changes
in procedures become necessary. We recommend that the reader always consult current research
and specific institutional policies before performing any clinical procedure. The author and
publisher shall not be liable for any special, consequential, or exemplary damages resulting, in
whole or in part, from the readers’ use of, or reliance on, the information contained in this book.
The publisher has no responsibility for the persistence or accuracy of URLs for external or third-
party Internet Web sites referred to in this publication and does not guarantee that any content on
such Web sites is, or will remain, accurate or appropriate.
, CONTENTS
1 Introduction to Health Promotion and Aging 1
2 Clinical Preventive Services and Aging 6
3 Empowering Older Adults 11
4 Exercise and Aging 16
5 Nutrition, Weight Management, and Aging 21
6 Complementary and Alternative Medicine and Aging 26
7 Selected Health Education and Aging Topics 31
8 Mental Health and Aging 36
9 Community Health and Aging 41
10 Long-Term Care and End-of-Life Care 46
11 Public Health Policy and Aging 52
12 Diversity and Aging 58
More chapter-based test questions are provided in the
Instructor’s Manual.
© Springer Publishing Group, LLC iii
,CHAPTER 1: Introduction to Health Promotion and Aging
MULTIPLE CHOICE:
1. How have the Healthy People 2000 and 2010 national efforts impacted older adults?
*a. The majority of Healthy People initiatives affecting older adults did not receive adequate,
or any, support to achieve their objectives.
b. They increased the proportion of the healthcare workforce with geriatric certification.
c. They reduced the proportion of older adults who have moderate to severe functional
limitations.
d. They reduced the rate of emergency department visits due to falls among older adults.
Healthy People 2000 and 2010 were national efforts initiated by the U.S. Public Health
Service in an effort to reduce preventable death and disability for Americans. The majority of
Healthy People initiatives impacting older adults did not receive adequate financial support
to achieve their objectives. Few of the Healthy People 2000 and 2010 objectives were met,
yet the majority had little to no change or got worse. For example, the Merck Institute on
Aging and Health cited results from the Healthy People 2010 initiative and reported many
failing grades. Older Americans fell short of the 2010 target goals for only physical activity
and obesity, eating fruits and vegetables, edentulism (loss of teeth), reducing hip fractures
and fall-related deaths.
2. What do health-promoting initiatives involve?
a. Socioeconomic factors
b. Lifestyle
c. Other nonmedical influences that impact our ability to attain and maintain health
*d. All of the above
Health is made-up of multiple, interacting factors, including socioeconomic factors, lifestyle
factors, and other nonmedical influences that impact ones’ ability to attain and maintain
health.
3. What do older adults have in common?
*a. Intensified demand for medical care
b. Aches and pains
c. Moving into a nursing home
*d. All of the above
As people age their likelihood of developing chronic health conditions increases
substantially. As such, older adults can expect a higher level of need for medical care.
4 © Springer Publishing Group, LLC
,4. What is considered the best way to lower healthcare costs for older adults?
*a. Health promotion, disease prevention, and chronic disease management
b. Fee-for-service
c. Competition
d. Death
Health promotion, disease prevention, and chronic disease management are considered the
best way to lower healthcare costs for older adults. People are responsible for their own
health as part of health promotion, disease prevention, and chronic disease management
activities and programs.
5. The percentage of the population age 65 and over is projected to reach ____ in 2030.
*a. 20%
b. 30%
c. 40%
d. 50%
The average age of the American population has been increasing dramatically since the
1940s “Baby Boom.” The percentage of the population age 65 and over is projected to reach
20% in 2030.
6. What is the “age rectangle”?
a. Older adults aged 65+ years will live longer with chronic health conditions, and then
suddenly die.
b. The demography of the United States includes a small percentage of older adults aged
65+ years, and at the same time, there is a large percentage of people aged 18+ years or
younger.
*c. The demography of the United States includes nearly equal amounts of older adults aged
65+ years and children aged 18+ years or younger.
d. The demography of the United States includes an increasing number of racial and ethnic
minority older adults aged 65+ years.
The demography of the United States once had a larger percentage of children and few older
adults—this was referred to as the aging pyramid; however, with the baby boomer
population, advances in medical science and healthcare, a large percentage of people are
living longer—result in the United States demography to include approximately equal
amounts of children under the age of 18+ years and older adults aged 65+ years
(approximately 20%).
© Springer Publishing Group, LLC 5
,7. Describe some of the demands that baby boomers will make on the United States in the
next 10 years.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Baby boomers will have a profound impact on the United States healthcare system and
healthcare financing in the next 10 years. After soldiers returned from World War II, there
was a large surge in births (i.e., there were fewer than 2.8 million births in 1945 but more
than 3.4 million in 1946). With advances in medicine and medical technology, baby boomers
will grow older with chronic diseases and live longer. Also, as baby boomers retire they will
make unprecedented demands on Social Security and Medicare programs, while at the same
time, these programs will be supported by a dwindling taxpaying workforce.
8. What is the leading cause of death among older adults age 65 and older, as reported in
2016?
a. Stroke
b. Cancer
c. Alzheimer’s disease
*d. Heart disease
Heart disease is the leading cause of death among older adults age 65 and older. The
primary reason heart disease develops in individuals is due to poor health behaviors such as
tobacco use, inactivity, poor diet, alcohol abuse, and so on.
9. Describe some of the ways in which Medicaid differs from Medicare.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Medicaid is a state, not federal, program for low-income people. Medicaid policies vary by
state for eligibility, services, and payment. Older adults can be eligible for both Medicaid
and Medicare if they are both low-income and over the age of 65 years. Medicaid is
commonly the largest cost item in most states’ budgets.
10. What makes up the greatest percentage of deaths in the United States?
a. Shortfalls in medical care
b. Access to healthcare
*c. Behavioral, social, and environmental factors
d. Genetic
It is estimated that 60% of premature mortality in the United States is due to behavioral,
social, and environmental factors while 10% of premature mortality in the United States is
linked to shortfalls in medical care, followed by genetic predispositions.
6 © Springer Publishing Group, LLC
,11. The federal government defines health as which of the following?
*a. Disease prevention, health protection, and health promotion
b. Biopsychosocial influences of health
c. Prevention and self-management
d. Community partnership, mental health, and physical health
The federal government defines health as (1) disease prevention, which comprises strategies
to maintain and to improve health through medical care, such as high blood pressure control
and immunization; (2) health protection, which includes strategies for modifying
environmental and social structural health risks, such as toxic agent and radiation control,
and accident prevention and injury control; and (3) health promotion, which includes
strategies for reducing lifestyle risk factors, such as avoiding smoking and the misuse of
alcohol and drugs, and adopting good nutritional habits and a proper and adequate exercise
regimen.
12. What public service was enacted in 1965 to help persons age 65 or older pay for medical
care?
a. Older Americans Act
b. Medicaid
*c. Medicare
d. Social Security
Medicare was enacted in 1965 to help persons age 65 or older pay for medical care. In 2016,
Medicare covered 48 million older adults and 9 million younger persons with disabilities. It
is a major player in the U.S. healthcare system, costing $702 billion in 2017, an increase in
costs of 40% from a decade earlier and currently 15% of the entire federal budget.
13. Describe some trends in older adult poverty.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
The Supplemental Poverty Measure estimates the poverty rate of seniors to have been 14.5%
in 2016 instead of the 9.3% noted earlier by the U.S. Census. The National Academy of
Science estimated the poverty rate for older Americans at 19%. The poverty rate is more than
twice as high for older Hispanics and Blacks (17.4% and 18.7%) than for older Whites
(7.1%), and more than 40% higher for older women (10.7%) than for older men (7.6%),
according to the 2017 Profile of Older Americans, published by the Administration on Aging.
Combining gender, ethnicity, and housing, the highest poverty rates were experienced among
Hispanic women who lived alone (39.5%).
© Springer Publishing Group, LLC 7
, 14. What is Social Security?
a. Federal program designed to provide hospital insurance, and most people do not have to
pay a monthly premium for this insurance because they are eligible through the taxes they
paid while working
b. Federal program designed to provide medical insurance and covers physician services,
outpatient hospital care, and other medical services such as physical and occupational
therapy and some home healthcare
*c. Federal program designed to protect individuals and their families from loss of earnings
due to retirement, disability, or death (when signed into law in 1935, it covered only
retired workers)
d. Largest source of funding for medical and health-related services for people with limited
income
Social Security is a federal program designed to protect individuals and their families from
loss of earnings due to retirement, disability, or death (when signed into law in 1935, it
covered only retired workers). It is an entitlement in that to receive retirement benefits, a
person must contribute through payroll tax contributions for 10 or more years. Workers and
employers are both responsible for paying half of the payroll tax—6.2% each, with the self-
employed paying the full 12.4%, up to a taxable maximum of $132,900 (in 2019) of earnings.
15. The World Health Organization ranked the United States as ________ in quality of
healthcare.
a. 7th
b. 17th
c. 27th
*d. 37th
WHO ranked the United States 37th in the quality of healthcare, and 50th in life expectancy.
8 © Springer Publishing Group, LLC
Practical Applications for Health Professionals 8th
Edition Haber
Notes
1- The file is chapter after chapter.
2- We have shown you few pages sample.
3- The file contains all Appendix and Excel sheet
if it exists.
4- We have all what you need, we make update
at every time. There are many new editions
waiting you.
5- If you think you purchased the wrong file You
can contact us at every time, we can replace it
with true one.
Our email:
, Test Bank for
HEALTH PROMOTION
AND AGING
Practical Applications for Health Professionals
Eighth Edition
David Haber, PhD
ISBN: 978-0-8261-8496-2
,Copyright © 2020 Springer Publishing Company, LLC
All rights reserved.
No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any
form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without
the prior permission of Springer Publishing Company, LLC, or authorization through payment of
the appropriate fees to the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc., 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA
01923, 978-750-8400, fax 978-646-8600, or on the Web at
www.copyright.com.
Springer Publishing Company, LLC
11 West 42nd Street
New York, NY 10036
www.springerpub.com
ISBN: 978-0-8261-8496-2
The author and the publisher of this Work have made every effort to use sources believed to be
reliable to provide information that is accurate and compatible with the standards generally
accepted at the time of publication. Because medical science is continually advancing, our
knowledge base continues to expand. Therefore, as new information becomes available, changes
in procedures become necessary. We recommend that the reader always consult current research
and specific institutional policies before performing any clinical procedure. The author and
publisher shall not be liable for any special, consequential, or exemplary damages resulting, in
whole or in part, from the readers’ use of, or reliance on, the information contained in this book.
The publisher has no responsibility for the persistence or accuracy of URLs for external or third-
party Internet Web sites referred to in this publication and does not guarantee that any content on
such Web sites is, or will remain, accurate or appropriate.
, CONTENTS
1 Introduction to Health Promotion and Aging 1
2 Clinical Preventive Services and Aging 6
3 Empowering Older Adults 11
4 Exercise and Aging 16
5 Nutrition, Weight Management, and Aging 21
6 Complementary and Alternative Medicine and Aging 26
7 Selected Health Education and Aging Topics 31
8 Mental Health and Aging 36
9 Community Health and Aging 41
10 Long-Term Care and End-of-Life Care 46
11 Public Health Policy and Aging 52
12 Diversity and Aging 58
More chapter-based test questions are provided in the
Instructor’s Manual.
© Springer Publishing Group, LLC iii
,CHAPTER 1: Introduction to Health Promotion and Aging
MULTIPLE CHOICE:
1. How have the Healthy People 2000 and 2010 national efforts impacted older adults?
*a. The majority of Healthy People initiatives affecting older adults did not receive adequate,
or any, support to achieve their objectives.
b. They increased the proportion of the healthcare workforce with geriatric certification.
c. They reduced the proportion of older adults who have moderate to severe functional
limitations.
d. They reduced the rate of emergency department visits due to falls among older adults.
Healthy People 2000 and 2010 were national efforts initiated by the U.S. Public Health
Service in an effort to reduce preventable death and disability for Americans. The majority of
Healthy People initiatives impacting older adults did not receive adequate financial support
to achieve their objectives. Few of the Healthy People 2000 and 2010 objectives were met,
yet the majority had little to no change or got worse. For example, the Merck Institute on
Aging and Health cited results from the Healthy People 2010 initiative and reported many
failing grades. Older Americans fell short of the 2010 target goals for only physical activity
and obesity, eating fruits and vegetables, edentulism (loss of teeth), reducing hip fractures
and fall-related deaths.
2. What do health-promoting initiatives involve?
a. Socioeconomic factors
b. Lifestyle
c. Other nonmedical influences that impact our ability to attain and maintain health
*d. All of the above
Health is made-up of multiple, interacting factors, including socioeconomic factors, lifestyle
factors, and other nonmedical influences that impact ones’ ability to attain and maintain
health.
3. What do older adults have in common?
*a. Intensified demand for medical care
b. Aches and pains
c. Moving into a nursing home
*d. All of the above
As people age their likelihood of developing chronic health conditions increases
substantially. As such, older adults can expect a higher level of need for medical care.
4 © Springer Publishing Group, LLC
,4. What is considered the best way to lower healthcare costs for older adults?
*a. Health promotion, disease prevention, and chronic disease management
b. Fee-for-service
c. Competition
d. Death
Health promotion, disease prevention, and chronic disease management are considered the
best way to lower healthcare costs for older adults. People are responsible for their own
health as part of health promotion, disease prevention, and chronic disease management
activities and programs.
5. The percentage of the population age 65 and over is projected to reach ____ in 2030.
*a. 20%
b. 30%
c. 40%
d. 50%
The average age of the American population has been increasing dramatically since the
1940s “Baby Boom.” The percentage of the population age 65 and over is projected to reach
20% in 2030.
6. What is the “age rectangle”?
a. Older adults aged 65+ years will live longer with chronic health conditions, and then
suddenly die.
b. The demography of the United States includes a small percentage of older adults aged
65+ years, and at the same time, there is a large percentage of people aged 18+ years or
younger.
*c. The demography of the United States includes nearly equal amounts of older adults aged
65+ years and children aged 18+ years or younger.
d. The demography of the United States includes an increasing number of racial and ethnic
minority older adults aged 65+ years.
The demography of the United States once had a larger percentage of children and few older
adults—this was referred to as the aging pyramid; however, with the baby boomer
population, advances in medical science and healthcare, a large percentage of people are
living longer—result in the United States demography to include approximately equal
amounts of children under the age of 18+ years and older adults aged 65+ years
(approximately 20%).
© Springer Publishing Group, LLC 5
,7. Describe some of the demands that baby boomers will make on the United States in the
next 10 years.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Baby boomers will have a profound impact on the United States healthcare system and
healthcare financing in the next 10 years. After soldiers returned from World War II, there
was a large surge in births (i.e., there were fewer than 2.8 million births in 1945 but more
than 3.4 million in 1946). With advances in medicine and medical technology, baby boomers
will grow older with chronic diseases and live longer. Also, as baby boomers retire they will
make unprecedented demands on Social Security and Medicare programs, while at the same
time, these programs will be supported by a dwindling taxpaying workforce.
8. What is the leading cause of death among older adults age 65 and older, as reported in
2016?
a. Stroke
b. Cancer
c. Alzheimer’s disease
*d. Heart disease
Heart disease is the leading cause of death among older adults age 65 and older. The
primary reason heart disease develops in individuals is due to poor health behaviors such as
tobacco use, inactivity, poor diet, alcohol abuse, and so on.
9. Describe some of the ways in which Medicaid differs from Medicare.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Medicaid is a state, not federal, program for low-income people. Medicaid policies vary by
state for eligibility, services, and payment. Older adults can be eligible for both Medicaid
and Medicare if they are both low-income and over the age of 65 years. Medicaid is
commonly the largest cost item in most states’ budgets.
10. What makes up the greatest percentage of deaths in the United States?
a. Shortfalls in medical care
b. Access to healthcare
*c. Behavioral, social, and environmental factors
d. Genetic
It is estimated that 60% of premature mortality in the United States is due to behavioral,
social, and environmental factors while 10% of premature mortality in the United States is
linked to shortfalls in medical care, followed by genetic predispositions.
6 © Springer Publishing Group, LLC
,11. The federal government defines health as which of the following?
*a. Disease prevention, health protection, and health promotion
b. Biopsychosocial influences of health
c. Prevention and self-management
d. Community partnership, mental health, and physical health
The federal government defines health as (1) disease prevention, which comprises strategies
to maintain and to improve health through medical care, such as high blood pressure control
and immunization; (2) health protection, which includes strategies for modifying
environmental and social structural health risks, such as toxic agent and radiation control,
and accident prevention and injury control; and (3) health promotion, which includes
strategies for reducing lifestyle risk factors, such as avoiding smoking and the misuse of
alcohol and drugs, and adopting good nutritional habits and a proper and adequate exercise
regimen.
12. What public service was enacted in 1965 to help persons age 65 or older pay for medical
care?
a. Older Americans Act
b. Medicaid
*c. Medicare
d. Social Security
Medicare was enacted in 1965 to help persons age 65 or older pay for medical care. In 2016,
Medicare covered 48 million older adults and 9 million younger persons with disabilities. It
is a major player in the U.S. healthcare system, costing $702 billion in 2017, an increase in
costs of 40% from a decade earlier and currently 15% of the entire federal budget.
13. Describe some trends in older adult poverty.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
The Supplemental Poverty Measure estimates the poverty rate of seniors to have been 14.5%
in 2016 instead of the 9.3% noted earlier by the U.S. Census. The National Academy of
Science estimated the poverty rate for older Americans at 19%. The poverty rate is more than
twice as high for older Hispanics and Blacks (17.4% and 18.7%) than for older Whites
(7.1%), and more than 40% higher for older women (10.7%) than for older men (7.6%),
according to the 2017 Profile of Older Americans, published by the Administration on Aging.
Combining gender, ethnicity, and housing, the highest poverty rates were experienced among
Hispanic women who lived alone (39.5%).
© Springer Publishing Group, LLC 7
, 14. What is Social Security?
a. Federal program designed to provide hospital insurance, and most people do not have to
pay a monthly premium for this insurance because they are eligible through the taxes they
paid while working
b. Federal program designed to provide medical insurance and covers physician services,
outpatient hospital care, and other medical services such as physical and occupational
therapy and some home healthcare
*c. Federal program designed to protect individuals and their families from loss of earnings
due to retirement, disability, or death (when signed into law in 1935, it covered only
retired workers)
d. Largest source of funding for medical and health-related services for people with limited
income
Social Security is a federal program designed to protect individuals and their families from
loss of earnings due to retirement, disability, or death (when signed into law in 1935, it
covered only retired workers). It is an entitlement in that to receive retirement benefits, a
person must contribute through payroll tax contributions for 10 or more years. Workers and
employers are both responsible for paying half of the payroll tax—6.2% each, with the self-
employed paying the full 12.4%, up to a taxable maximum of $132,900 (in 2019) of earnings.
15. The World Health Organization ranked the United States as ________ in quality of
healthcare.
a. 7th
b. 17th
c. 27th
*d. 37th
WHO ranked the United States 37th in the quality of healthcare, and 50th in life expectancy.
8 © Springer Publishing Group, LLC
