NR503 FINAL LATEST EXAM REVIEW TEST
PAPER 2026 COMPREHENSIVE 180
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS GRADED A+
⩥ Antigenic Drift. Answer: SMALL CHANGES (mutations) in the
genes of a virus that can lead to surface protein changes
-happen continually over time as virus replicates
-Why people can get a virus (flu) more than once and why vaccines have
to be updated
⩥ Antigenic Shift. Answer: Abrupt, MAJOR CHANGES in a virus,
resulting in new surface proteins that may affect humans
-happens less than the drift
-example: virus from an animal population now gains the ability to
infect humans
⩥ Type A viruses. Answer: undergo both antigenic drift and shift
the only flu viruses known to cause PANDEMICS
, ⩥ Type B viruses. Answer: change only by the more gradual process of
antigenic shift
⩥ Preparation and Actions for future Pandemics. Answer: CDC will
request the public and healthcare provides to decrease the spread of
disease through isolation, closing schools, and distance
-GOALS: maximize safety, meet basics of care, plan & education in
place for infection control
⩥ Pandemic Severity Index. Answer: Category 1 (least deaths)-5 (most
deaths) , based on case fatality ratio
⩥ Implicit Bias. Answer: thoughts and feelings that we are unaware of
or mistaken about
having a preference of aversion to a group of people
having an attitude towards people or associating with stereotypes
without conscious knowledge
unintended bias
PAPER 2026 COMPREHENSIVE 180
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS GRADED A+
⩥ Antigenic Drift. Answer: SMALL CHANGES (mutations) in the
genes of a virus that can lead to surface protein changes
-happen continually over time as virus replicates
-Why people can get a virus (flu) more than once and why vaccines have
to be updated
⩥ Antigenic Shift. Answer: Abrupt, MAJOR CHANGES in a virus,
resulting in new surface proteins that may affect humans
-happens less than the drift
-example: virus from an animal population now gains the ability to
infect humans
⩥ Type A viruses. Answer: undergo both antigenic drift and shift
the only flu viruses known to cause PANDEMICS
, ⩥ Type B viruses. Answer: change only by the more gradual process of
antigenic shift
⩥ Preparation and Actions for future Pandemics. Answer: CDC will
request the public and healthcare provides to decrease the spread of
disease through isolation, closing schools, and distance
-GOALS: maximize safety, meet basics of care, plan & education in
place for infection control
⩥ Pandemic Severity Index. Answer: Category 1 (least deaths)-5 (most
deaths) , based on case fatality ratio
⩥ Implicit Bias. Answer: thoughts and feelings that we are unaware of
or mistaken about
having a preference of aversion to a group of people
having an attitude towards people or associating with stereotypes
without conscious knowledge
unintended bias
