PATHOPHYSIOLOGY FINAL EXAM
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
WhatA2isA2allergicA2asthmaA2associatedA2with?A2-A2Ans--
TypeA21A2Hypersensitivity;A2IgEA2mediated
WhatA2areA2theA2S&SA2ofA2ARDS?A2-A2Ans--
SOB,A2ShallowA2RapidA2Breathing,A2AtelectasisA2(aveoliA2close),A2Dyspnea,A2InspiratoryA
2Crackles,A2RespiratoryA2Alkalosis,A2DecreasedA2LungA2Compliance,A2Hypoxemia
WhatA2areA2theA2S&SA2ofA2tensionA2pneumothorax?A2-A2Ans--
PressureA2thatA2buildsA2upA2andA2pushesA2theA2tracheaA2towardsA2theA2unaffectedA2side;A
2AbsentA2breathA2soundsA2overA2affectedA2lung
WhatA2isA2cysticA2fibrosis?A2-A2Ans--
ExcessiveA2mucousA2coatingA2inA2theA2lungsA2andA2pancreas;A2GeneticA2DisorderA2(Auto
somalA2Recessive)
ChangesA2withA2anA2asthmaA2attack:A2-A2Ans--
Wheezing,A2SOB,A2Bronchoconstriction,A2Dyspnea,A2TachypneaA2(rapidA2breathing)
HowA2doA2youA2interpretA2ABG's?A2-A2Ans--1.A2LookA2atA2pHA2(acidosisA2-
A2lowA2orA2alkalosisA2-A2high)
2.A2CheckA2theA2CO2A2(resp.A2indicator)A2-
A2lessA2thanA235A2(alkalosis)A2moreA2thanA245A2(acidosis)
3.A2CheckA2theA2HCO3A2(metabolicA2indicator)A2-
A2lessA2thanA222A2(acidosis)A2moreA2thanA226A2(alkalosis)
4.A2DetermineA2primaryA2disorderA2(matchesA2theA2pH)
5.A2DetermineA2ifA2itsA2compensatedA2(pHA2returnsA2toA2normalA2orA2nearA2normal)
RespiratoryA2Acidosis:A2WhatA2happensA2toA2theA2pH/CO2?A2-A2Ans--
ElevationA2(increase)A2ofA2pCO2A2--A2DecreasedA2pHA2(acidosis)
RespiratoryA2Alkalosis:A2WhatA2happensA2toA2theA2pH/CO2?A2-A2Ans--
DepressionA2(decrease)A2ofA2pCO2A2--A2IncreasedA2pHA2(alkalosis)
MetabolicA2Acidosis:A2WhatA2happensA2toA2theA2pH/HCO3?A2-A2Ans--
DepressionA2(decrease)A2ofA2HCO3A2--A2DecreasedA2pHA2(acidosis)
MetabolicA2Alkalosis:A2WhatA2happensA2toA2theA2pH/HCO3?A2-A2Ans--
ElevationA2(increase)A2ofA2HCO3A2--A2IncreasedA2pHA2(alkalosis)
WhatA2areA2signsA2ofA2renalA2cancer?A2-A2Ans--NoA2pain!
A2HematuriaA2(BloodA2inA2theA2Urine)
, HowA2doA2youA2manageA2endA2stageA2renalA2disease?A2-A2Ans--
Dialysis,A2FluidA2Restriction,A2LowA2ProteinA2Diet,A2DecreaseA2MedicationA2Doses,A2Anti-
hypertensive,A2GiveA2CaA2Supplements,A2GiveA2ErythropoietinA2Shot,A2GiveA2IronA2Suppl
ements/BloodA2TransfusionA2(anemic)
WhatA2doA2youA2callA2kidneyA2pain?A2-A2Ans--Nephralgia
WhatA2isA2theA2mostA2helpfulA2testA2toA2determineA2renalA2function?A2-A2Ans--Creatinine
WhatA2bacteriaA2isA2associatedA2withA2acuteA2pyelonephritis?A2-A2Ans--E.A2coli
WhatA2isA2theA2treatmentA2forA2pre-renalA2kidneyA2failure?A2-A2Ans--HypovolemiaA2-
A2GiveA2Fluids
WhatA2causesA2acuteA2intrarenalA2failure?A2-A2Ans--
KidneyA2StonesA2(renalA2calculi),A2RenalA2Ischemia
WhatA2doA2weA2seeA2associatedA2withA2SIADH?A2-A2Ans--
FluidA2RetentionA2(edema),A2CracklesA2inA2Lungs,A2Hypertension,A2DecreasedA2SodiumA2
(diluted)
WhatA2causesA2myxedemaA2coma?A2-A2Ans--Hypothyroidism
WhatA2isA2theA2mainA2underlyingA2conditionA2forA2TypeA2IA2andA2TypeA2IIA2Diabetes?A2-
A2Ans--ImpairedA2GlucoseA2Transport
WhatA2isA2theA2differenceA2betweenA2TypeA2IA2andA2TypeA2IIA2Diabetes?A2-A2Ans--
TypeA2IA2-A2CompleteA2lackA2ofA2insulinA2(Hyperglycemia)
TypeA2IIA2-A2InsulinA2resistanceA2onA2theA2cells
WhatA2wouldA2weA2seeA2withA2hypoparathyroidism?A2-A2Ans--
DecreaseA2ofA2CalciumA2(softerA2bones),A2PositiveA2Chvostek'sA2Sign,A2Tetany/
HyperactivityA2ofA2Muscles/Tremors
WhatA2isA2theA2therapyA2forA2TypeA2IA2Diabetes?A2-A2Ans--GiveA2Insulin
WhatA2isA2theA2therapyA2forA2TypeA2IIA2Diabetes?A2-A2Ans--
Diet,A2Exercise,A2OralA2AntihyperglycemicA2MedicineA2(sensitizesA2cellsA2toA2takeA2upA2in
sulin)
WhatA2areA2someA2complicationsA2ofA2Diabetes?A2-A2Ans--
Paresthesia,A2Neuropathy,A2Retinopathy,A2CardiacA2Problems,A2Hypertension,A2Nephrop
athy
WhatA2isA2CeliacA2Spruce?A2WhatA2shouldA2youA2avoid?A2-A2Ans--GlutenA2IntoleranceA2
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
WhatA2isA2allergicA2asthmaA2associatedA2with?A2-A2Ans--
TypeA21A2Hypersensitivity;A2IgEA2mediated
WhatA2areA2theA2S&SA2ofA2ARDS?A2-A2Ans--
SOB,A2ShallowA2RapidA2Breathing,A2AtelectasisA2(aveoliA2close),A2Dyspnea,A2InspiratoryA
2Crackles,A2RespiratoryA2Alkalosis,A2DecreasedA2LungA2Compliance,A2Hypoxemia
WhatA2areA2theA2S&SA2ofA2tensionA2pneumothorax?A2-A2Ans--
PressureA2thatA2buildsA2upA2andA2pushesA2theA2tracheaA2towardsA2theA2unaffectedA2side;A
2AbsentA2breathA2soundsA2overA2affectedA2lung
WhatA2isA2cysticA2fibrosis?A2-A2Ans--
ExcessiveA2mucousA2coatingA2inA2theA2lungsA2andA2pancreas;A2GeneticA2DisorderA2(Auto
somalA2Recessive)
ChangesA2withA2anA2asthmaA2attack:A2-A2Ans--
Wheezing,A2SOB,A2Bronchoconstriction,A2Dyspnea,A2TachypneaA2(rapidA2breathing)
HowA2doA2youA2interpretA2ABG's?A2-A2Ans--1.A2LookA2atA2pHA2(acidosisA2-
A2lowA2orA2alkalosisA2-A2high)
2.A2CheckA2theA2CO2A2(resp.A2indicator)A2-
A2lessA2thanA235A2(alkalosis)A2moreA2thanA245A2(acidosis)
3.A2CheckA2theA2HCO3A2(metabolicA2indicator)A2-
A2lessA2thanA222A2(acidosis)A2moreA2thanA226A2(alkalosis)
4.A2DetermineA2primaryA2disorderA2(matchesA2theA2pH)
5.A2DetermineA2ifA2itsA2compensatedA2(pHA2returnsA2toA2normalA2orA2nearA2normal)
RespiratoryA2Acidosis:A2WhatA2happensA2toA2theA2pH/CO2?A2-A2Ans--
ElevationA2(increase)A2ofA2pCO2A2--A2DecreasedA2pHA2(acidosis)
RespiratoryA2Alkalosis:A2WhatA2happensA2toA2theA2pH/CO2?A2-A2Ans--
DepressionA2(decrease)A2ofA2pCO2A2--A2IncreasedA2pHA2(alkalosis)
MetabolicA2Acidosis:A2WhatA2happensA2toA2theA2pH/HCO3?A2-A2Ans--
DepressionA2(decrease)A2ofA2HCO3A2--A2DecreasedA2pHA2(acidosis)
MetabolicA2Alkalosis:A2WhatA2happensA2toA2theA2pH/HCO3?A2-A2Ans--
ElevationA2(increase)A2ofA2HCO3A2--A2IncreasedA2pHA2(alkalosis)
WhatA2areA2signsA2ofA2renalA2cancer?A2-A2Ans--NoA2pain!
A2HematuriaA2(BloodA2inA2theA2Urine)
, HowA2doA2youA2manageA2endA2stageA2renalA2disease?A2-A2Ans--
Dialysis,A2FluidA2Restriction,A2LowA2ProteinA2Diet,A2DecreaseA2MedicationA2Doses,A2Anti-
hypertensive,A2GiveA2CaA2Supplements,A2GiveA2ErythropoietinA2Shot,A2GiveA2IronA2Suppl
ements/BloodA2TransfusionA2(anemic)
WhatA2doA2youA2callA2kidneyA2pain?A2-A2Ans--Nephralgia
WhatA2isA2theA2mostA2helpfulA2testA2toA2determineA2renalA2function?A2-A2Ans--Creatinine
WhatA2bacteriaA2isA2associatedA2withA2acuteA2pyelonephritis?A2-A2Ans--E.A2coli
WhatA2isA2theA2treatmentA2forA2pre-renalA2kidneyA2failure?A2-A2Ans--HypovolemiaA2-
A2GiveA2Fluids
WhatA2causesA2acuteA2intrarenalA2failure?A2-A2Ans--
KidneyA2StonesA2(renalA2calculi),A2RenalA2Ischemia
WhatA2doA2weA2seeA2associatedA2withA2SIADH?A2-A2Ans--
FluidA2RetentionA2(edema),A2CracklesA2inA2Lungs,A2Hypertension,A2DecreasedA2SodiumA2
(diluted)
WhatA2causesA2myxedemaA2coma?A2-A2Ans--Hypothyroidism
WhatA2isA2theA2mainA2underlyingA2conditionA2forA2TypeA2IA2andA2TypeA2IIA2Diabetes?A2-
A2Ans--ImpairedA2GlucoseA2Transport
WhatA2isA2theA2differenceA2betweenA2TypeA2IA2andA2TypeA2IIA2Diabetes?A2-A2Ans--
TypeA2IA2-A2CompleteA2lackA2ofA2insulinA2(Hyperglycemia)
TypeA2IIA2-A2InsulinA2resistanceA2onA2theA2cells
WhatA2wouldA2weA2seeA2withA2hypoparathyroidism?A2-A2Ans--
DecreaseA2ofA2CalciumA2(softerA2bones),A2PositiveA2Chvostek'sA2Sign,A2Tetany/
HyperactivityA2ofA2Muscles/Tremors
WhatA2isA2theA2therapyA2forA2TypeA2IA2Diabetes?A2-A2Ans--GiveA2Insulin
WhatA2isA2theA2therapyA2forA2TypeA2IIA2Diabetes?A2-A2Ans--
Diet,A2Exercise,A2OralA2AntihyperglycemicA2MedicineA2(sensitizesA2cellsA2toA2takeA2upA2in
sulin)
WhatA2areA2someA2complicationsA2ofA2Diabetes?A2-A2Ans--
Paresthesia,A2Neuropathy,A2Retinopathy,A2CardiacA2Problems,A2Hypertension,A2Nephrop
athy
WhatA2isA2CeliacA2Spruce?A2WhatA2shouldA2youA2avoid?A2-A2Ans--GlutenA2IntoleranceA2