Nursing Pathophysiology Final Exam Review Questions And Correct Answers

NURSING PATHOPHYSIOLOGY FINAL
EXAM REVIEW QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT ANSWERS

WhileA2viewingA2theA2electrocardiogram,A2theA2nurseA2recallsA2theA2_____A2conductsA2act
ion
potentialsA2downA2theA2atrioventricularA2septum.A2-A2Ans--BundleA2ofA2His

WhichA2ofA2theA2followingA2patientA2wouldA2beA2mostA2proneA2toA2metabolicA2acidosis?
A2AA2patientA2with:A2-A2Ans--DiabetesA2whoseA2glucosesA2areA2uncontrolled


AA276-year-
oldA2patientA2hadA2theA2followingA2arterialA2bloodA2gasA2sampleA2afterA2hisA2stomachA2sur
geryA2in
whichA2hisA2gastricA2contentA2andA2fluidA2wereA2removed:A2pHA27.55,A2PCO2A250,A2HCO3
A235.A2WhatA2acidbase
imbalanceA2isA2mostA2likelyA2inA2thisA2patient?A2-A2Ans--
MetabolicA2alkalosis,A2compensating

AA250-year-
oldA2maleA2visitsA2theA2cardiologistA2forA2anA2EKG.A2ResultsA2indicateA2thatA2heA2hasA2no
PRA2intervalA2andA2aA2variableA2QRSA2rateA2withA2rhythmA2irregularity.A2WhichA2ofA2theA2f
ollowingA2is
theA2mostA2likelyA2diagnosisA2toA2beA2recordedA2onA2theA2chart?A2-A2Ans--AtrialA2fibrillation

AA265-year-
oldA2maleA2isA2transportedA2toA2theA2ERA2forA2chestA2pain.A2AnA2electrocardiogram
revealsA2aA2prolongedA2QRSA2interval.A2WhatA2isA2theA2nurseA2monitoringA2whenA2theA2nu
rse
observesA2theA2QRSA2complexA2onA2theA2electrocardiogram?
A2TheA2QRSA2complexA2reflects:A2-A2Ans--VentricularA2activity


WhichA2isA2oneA2ofA2theA2acid/
baseA2conditionsA2thatA2wouldA2causeA2theA2nurseA2toA2monitorA2forA2hyperkalemia?A2-
A2Ans--metabolicA2acidosis


AA220-year-
oldA2maleA2isA2inA2acuteA2painA2withA2restlessnessA2andA2anxiety.A2AnA2arterialA2bloodA2ga
s
revealsA2decreasedA2carbonA2dioxideA2(CO2)A2levels.A2WhichA2ofA2theA2followingA2doesA2t
heA2nurse
suspectA2isA2theA2mostA2likelyA2cause?A2-A2Ans--hyperventilation

,AA224-year-
oldA2femaleA2presentsA2withA2excessiveA2menstrualA2bleeding.A2TheA2physicianA2identifie
d
endometrialA2changesA2thatA2areA2dueA2toA2hormonalA2imbalances.A2TheseA2cellularA2cha
ngesA2wouldA2be
referredA2toA2as:A2-A2Ans--PathologicA2hyperplasia

AA234-year-
oldA2wasA2diagnosedA2withA2malignantA2tumorA2(cancer).A2TheA2nurseA2teachesA2theA2pati
ent
aboutA2malignantA2cells.A2WhichA2ofA2theA2followingA2isA2mostA2appropriateA2explanationA2
whenA2describing
malignantA2cells?A2-A2Ans--MalignantA2cellsA2areA2dysplasticA2cellsA2andA2areA2irreversible

AA2characteristicA2ofA2aA2malignantA2tumorA2includesA2thatA2it:A2-A2Ans--
canA2spreadA2farA2fromA2theA2tissueA2ofA2origin

AA225-year-
oldA2maleA2developsA2cancerA2ofA2theA2breastA2glandularA2tissue.A2WhatA2typeA2ofA2cance
rA2doesA2he
have?A2-A2Ans--adenocarcinoma

WhenA2planningA2careA2forA2aA2cardiacA2patient,A2theA2nurseA2knowsA2thatA2inA2responseA
2toA2anA2increased
workload,A2cardiacA2myocardialA2cellsA2will:A2-A2Ans--IncreaseA2inA2size

TheA2termA2apoptosisA2isA2appropriatelyA2definedA2as:A2-A2Ans--programmedA2cellA2death

AA2reportA2comesA2backA2indicatingA2thatA2muscularA2atrophyA2hasA2occurred.A2AA2nurseA
2recallsA2that
muscularA2atrophyA2involvesA2aA2decreaseA2inA2muscleA2cellA2-A2Ans--size

AA2nursingA2studentA2isA2studyingA2aboutA2cancerA2andA2theA2associatedA2risksA2forA2canc
er.A2TheA2instructor
knowsA2theA2studentA2understandsA2cancerA2whenA2whichA2ofA2theA2followingA2areA2assoc
iatedA2risksA2for
cancer?A2-A2Ans---Epstein-BarrA2virusA2(EBV)
-hepatitisA2CA2virusA2(HCV)
-hepatitisA2BA2virusA2(HBV)
-humanA2papillomavirusA2(HPV)

AA2primaryA2careA2providerA2isA2attemptingA2toA2diagnoseA2cancerA2andA2isA2lookingA2forA2
aA2tumorA2marker.
WhichA2ofA2theA2followingA2couldA2beA2aA2possibleA2marker?A2-A2Ans--Enzymes

, AA230-year-
oldA2homelessA2wasA2seenA2inA2theA2emergencyA2roomA2withA2productiveA2coughA2ofA2blo
odtinged
sputum.A2HisA2chestA2x-
rayA2showedA2granulomatousA2disease.A2UponA2furtherA2questioning,A2he
wasA2foundA2toA2haveA2hadA2tuberculosisA2(TB)A2inA2distantA2past.A2TBA2infectionsA2areA2li
kelyA2toA2resultA2in
whichA2ofA2theA2followingA2formsA2ofA2necrosis?A2-A2Ans--caseous

WhenA2discussingA2bodyA2fluid,A2itA2isA2correctA2toA2stateA2that:A2-A2Ans--Two-
thirdsA2ofA2theA2body'sA2waterA2isA2intracellular.A2

Rationale:A2One-
thirdA2isA2extracellular.A2ThereA2areA2twoA2componentsA2ofA2theA2extracellularA2compartm
ent:A2interstitialA2andA2intravascular.A2TotalA2bodyA2waterA2isA2aboutA260%A2ofA2bodyA2wei
ght.

WhichA2ofA2theA2followingA2statementsA2isA2TRUE?
A2WhenA2discussingA2bodyA2fluidA2movement,A2itA2isA2correctA2toA2stateA2that:
A)A2PotassiumA2isA2theA2mostA2abundantA2extracellularA2fluidA2(ECF)A2ion.
B)A2SodiumA2maintainsA2theA2osmoticA2balanceA2ofA2theA2intracellularA2fluidA2(ICF)A2space
.A2
C)A2WaterA2movesA2freelyA2acrossA2membranes.A2
D)A2AquaporinsA2blockA2waterA2movementA2acrossA2theA2membrane.A2-A2Ans--
C)A2WaterA2movesA2freelyA2acrossA2theA2capillaryA2orA2cellA2membrane.A2

Rationale:A2AquaporinsA2areA2aA2familyA2ofA2waterA2channelA2proteinsA2thatA2provideA2per
meabilityA2toA2waterA2atA2theA2capillaryA2membrane.A2SodiumA2isA2theA2majorA2ECFA2catio
n,A2andA2potassiumA2isA2theA2majorA2ICFA2cation;A2thisA2isA2dueA2toA2theA2sodium-
potassiumA2pump.

WhenA2discussingA2aldosterone,A2itA2isA2correctA2toA2stateA2that:A2-A2Ans--
ItA2isA2aA2hormoneA2thatA2isA2secretedA2whenA2sodiumA2levelsA2areA2depressed.

Rationale:A2AldosteroneA2isA2aA2minerocorticoidA2secretedA2fromA2theA2adrenalA2glandA2th
atA2isA2locatedA2onA2theA2kidney.A2AldosteroneA2isA2secretedA2whenA2potassiumA2isA2incre
asedA2orA2sodiumA2isA2decreased.A2Therefore,A2itA2makesA2senseA2thatA2aldosteroneA2inc
reasesA2sodiumA2reabsorptionA2toA2increaseA2aA2depletedA2supply.A2ItA2alsoA2increasesA2
potassiumA2secretion.

WhenA2discussingA2hyperchloremiaA2(elevatedA2serumA2chlorine),A2itA2isA2correctA2toA2stat
eA2thatA2it:A2-A2Ans--IsA2aA2resultA2ofA2anA2underlyingA2disorder.

Rationale:A2HyperchloremiaA2isA2usuallyA2relatedA2toA2anA2underlyingA2disorder,A2andA2th
erefore,A2treatmentA2isA2centeredA2onA2theA2underlyingA2disorder.A2ItA2usuallyA2occursA2wit