Advanced Pathophysiology Exam 1 Questions And Correct Answers

ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM 1
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS

AA2certainA2diseaseA2isA2currentlyA2foundA2inA21A2ofA2everyA210A2peopleA2inA2theA2countryA
2andA21,000A2peopleA2contractA2theA2diseaseA2yearly.A2TheA2populationA2ofA2theA2countryA
2isA24,500,000.A2WhichA2ofA2theA2followingA2statementsA2isA2correct?
a.A2TheA2prevalenceA2ofA2theA2diseaseA2isA210%A2andA2theA2incidenceA2isA2.02%.
b.A2TheA2prevalenceA2ofA2theA2diseaseA2isA2.02%A2andA2theA2incidenceA2isA210%.
c.A2NeitherA2isA2correct.
d.A2ThereA2isA2insufficientA2dataA2-A2Ans--A

InA2relationA2toA2diseaseA2development,A2theA2termA2"etiology"A2refersA2toA2whichA2ofA2the
A2following?


a.numberA2ofA2peopleA2withA2theA2disease
b.A2causeA2ofA2theA2disease
c.A2definitionA2ofA2theA2disease
d.A2outcomeA2ofA2theA2diseaseA2-A2Ans--B

WhichA2ofA2theA2followingA2is(are)A2trueA2aboutA2"symptoms"?
a.A2objectiveA2andA2measurable
b.A2theA2sameA2asA2"signs"
c.A2bothA2ofA2theA2above
d.A2neitherA2ofA2theA2aboveA2-A2Ans--D

InA21992,A2thereA2wereA2980A2deathsA2inA2aA2MidwesternA2cityA2withA2aA2populationA2ofA21
,000,000.A2AtA2theA2beginningA2ofA2thatA2year,A2900A2casesA2ofA2AIDSA2existedA2inA2thisA2
population.A2DuringA2theA2year,A2250A2newA2casesA2ofA2AIDSA2wereA2diagnosed,A2andA27
5A2peopleA2diedA2ofA2theA2diseaseA2inA21992.
UsingA2theA2dataA2givenA2above,A2whatA2wasA2theA2incidenceA2rateA2(perA2100,000A2popul
ation)A2atA2theA2endA2ofA21992A2forA2AIDS?
a.A26
b.A225
c.A288
d.A2116A2-A2Ans--B

WhatA2levelA2ofA2preventionA2isA2aA2bloodA2pressureA2screeningA2programA2forA2highA2sch
oolA2studentsA2whoA2areA2pregnant?
a.A2primary
b.A2secondary
c.A2tertiaryA2-A2Ans--B

Mr.A2ForbesA2complainsA2ofA2"indigestion"A2andA2becomesA2sweatyA2andA2pale.A2HisA2wif
eA2takesA2himA2toA2theA2EmergencyA2DepartmentA2atA2NorthwesternA2MemorialA2Hospital.

,A2AA2cardiacA2catheterizationA22A2daysA2laterA2showsA2partialA2blockageA2ofA2hisA2rightA2co
ronaryA2arteryA2(RCA).
BlockageA2ofA2theA2rightA2coronaryA2arteryA2canA2leadA2toA2myocardialA2cellA2injuryA2beca
useA2itA2resultsA2inA2whichA2ofA2theA2following?
a.A2bilirubinA2accumulationA2inA2myocardialA2cells
b.A2alterationA2inA2theA2geneticA2materialA2ofA2myocardialA2cells
c.A2reducedA2energyA2productionA2inA2myocardialA2cells
d.A2activationA2ofA2theA2complementA2systemA2-A2Ans--C

WhenA2myocardialA2cellsA2areA2injured,A2theA2functionA2ofA2theA2Na-
KA2membraneA2pumpA2mayA2beA2impaired.A2WhichA2ofA2theA2followingA2mayA2thenA2result
?
a.intracellularA2sodiumA2willA2increase
b.A2extracellularA2potassiumA2willA2decrease
c.A2cellA2volumeA2willA2decrease
d.A2allA2ofA2theA2aboveA2-A2Ans--A

Mr.A2ForbesA2isA2beingA2preparedA2forA2openA2heartA2surgeryA2whenA2heA2suffersA2aA2myo
cardialA2infarctionA2inA2whichA2aA2largeA2partA2ofA2hisA2leftA2ventricleA2hasA2sufferedA2lethal
A2cellA2injury.
Mr.A2Forbes'A2CPK-
MBA2andA2LDH1,A2enzymesA2associatedA2withA2myocardialA2cells,A2areA2significantlyA2ele
vated.A2WhatA2isA2theA2bestA2explanationA2forA2this?
a.A2ItA2isA2aA2signA2thatA2necroticA2myocardialA2cellsA2haveA2releasedA2theirA2cytoplasmicA2
contentsA2intoA2theA2blood.
b.A2ItA2isA2aA2signA2ofA2reversibleA2fattyA2accumulationA2inA2theA2myocardialA2cellsA2
c.A2ItA2isA2aA2signA2thatA2theA2myocardialA2cellsA2areA2undergoingA2hypertrophy.
d.A2NoneA2ofA2theA2above.A2-A2Ans--A

IfA2aA2tissueA2specimenA2ofA2myocardialA2cellsA2wereA2obtainedA2forA2examinationA2fromA2
Mr.A2Forbes,A2whichA2ofA2theA2followingA2findingsA2wouldA2indicateA2irreversibleA2cellA2inju
ry?
a.A2cellularA2swelling
b.A2decreasedA2ATPA2production
c.A2decreasedA2intracellularA2calcium
d.A2dissolutionA2ofA2nuclearA2materialA2-A2Ans--D

TheA2accumulationA2ofA2lacticA2acidA2thatA2occursA2withA2impairedA2energyA2productionA2r
esultsA2fromA2whichA2ofA2theA2following?
a.A2increasedA2intracellularA2glucose
b.A2increasedA2anaerobicA2metabolism
c.A2decreasedA2metabolicA2rate
d.A2increasedA2oxidativeA2phosphorylationA2-A2Ans--B

AA2mountainA2climberA2isA2strandedA2atA223,000A2feetA2inA2theA2SwissA2AlpsA2andA2hasA2lo
stA2allA2hisA2equipmentA2andA2suppliesA2inA2anA2avalanche.A2Subsequently,A2heA2suffersA2

,cellA2injuryA2dueA2toA2impairedA2ATPA2production.A2TheA2reasonA2forA2theA2decreaseA2inA2
ATPA2isA2whichA2ofA2theA2following?
a.A2enzymeA2inhibition
b.A2uncoupling
c.A2hypoxia
d.A2noneA2ofA2theA2aboveA2-A2Ans--C

AnA2elderlyA2patientA2developsA2anA2obstructionA2inA2hisA2leftA2middleA2cerebralA2artery.A2
TheA2brainA2tissueA2suppliedA2byA2thisA2arteryA2becomesA2hypoxic.A2TheA2bestA2explanati
onA2forA2thisA2isA2whichA2ofA2theA2following?
a.A2theA2obstructionA2resultsA2inA2decreasedA2bloodA2flow
b.A2theA2obstructionA2resultsA2inA2decreasedA2hemoglobinA2inA2theA2blood
c.A2whileA2bloodA2flowA2staysA2theA2same,A2theA2obstructionA2reducesA2oxygenA2contentA2i
nA2theA2blood
d.A2noneA2ofA2theA2aboveA2explainA2theA2reasonA2forA2theA2hypoxiaA2-A2Ans--A

IncreasedA2mobilizationA2andA2deliveryA2ofA2freeA2fattyA2acidsA2toA2liverA2cellsA2canA2result
A2inA2fatA2accumulation.A2WhichA2ofA2theA2followingA2problemsA2resultsA2inA2increasedA2m
obilizationA2ofA2freeA2fattyA2acids?
a.A2anemia
b.A2hepaticA2toxins
c.A2starvation
d.A2hypoxiaA2-A2Ans--C

GeneralizedA2hypoxiaA2resultsA2inA2aA2switchA2toA2anaerobicA2metabolismA2inA2cells.A2Ana
erobicA2metabolismA2resultsA2inA2whichA2ofA2theA2following?
a.A2decreasedA2lacticA2acidA2insideA2cells
b.A2decreasedA2arterialA2pH
c.A2moreA2effectiveA2ATPA2production
d.A2increasedA2pHA2insideA2cellsA2-A2Ans--B

ThereA2isA2aA2diseaseA2ofA2theA2spleen,A2whichA2resultsA2inA2anA2excessiveA2destructionA2
ofA2RBCs.A2ThisA2increaseA2inA2RBCA2destructionA2canA2leadA2toA2whichA2ofA2theA2followin
g?
a.A2hypoxia
b.A2hypobilirubinemia
c.A2anA2increaseA2inA2platelets
d.A2allA2ofA2theA2aboveA2-A2Ans--A

YourA2bodyA2hasA2developedA2anA2increasedA2demandA2forA2thyroidA2hormones.A2ThisA2w
illA2leadA2toA2____________A2ofA2theA2thyroidA2gland.
a.A2atrophy
b.A2hypertrophy
c.A2dysplasia
d.A2metaplasiaA2-A2Ans--B

, YouA2palpateA2aA2gangrenousA2legA2andA2noteA2theA2presenceA2ofA2crepitus.A2CrepitusA2is
A2associatedA2withA2whichA2ofA2theA2following?
a.A2wetA2gangrene
b.A2dryA2gangrene
c.A2gasA2gangrene
d.A2allA2ofA2theA2aboveA2-A2Ans--C

DirectA2cellA2membraneA2destructionA2mayA2resultA2fromA2whichA2ofA2theA2following?
a.A2complementA2activation
b.A2bacterialA2enzymes
c.A2freeA2radicals
d.A2allA2ofA2theA2aboveA2-A2Ans--D

WhichA2ofA2theA2followingA2isA2trueA2regardingA2apoptosis?
a.A2ItA2occurrenceA2mayA2beA2physiologicalA2orA2pathological.
b.A2ItA2doesA2notA2stimulateA2theA2inflammatoryA2process.
c.A2ItA2resultsA2inA2phagocytosisA2ofA2theA2apoptoticA2cell.
d.A2allA2ofA2theA2above.A2-A2Ans--D

InsufficientA2bloodA2flowA2toA2aA2partA2ofA2theA2bodyA2isA2definedA2as:
a.A2hypoxia.
b.A2hypoxemia.
c.A2necrosis.
d.A2ischemia.A2-A2Ans--D

AA2cellularA2change,A2whichA2isA2oftenA2precancerous,A2isA2called:
a.A2hyperplasia.
b.A2metaplasia.
c.A2dysplasia.
d.A2hypertrophy.A2-A2Ans--C

WhichA2ofA2theA2followingA2changesA2isA2indicativeA2ofA2irreversibleA2cellA2injury?
a.A2sodiumA2influxA2intoA2theA2cytoplasm
b.A2glycolysisA2(anaerobicA2metabolism)
c.A2detachmentA2ofA2ribosomesA2fromA2roughA2endoplasmicA2reticulum
d.A2releaseA2ofA2lysosomalA2enzymesA2-A2Ans--D

WhichA2ofA2theA2followingA2bestA2describesA2reperfusionA2injury?
a.A2TheA2increasedA2bloodA2pressureA2inA2theA2areaA2ofA2reperfusionA2causesA2ruptureA2of
A2smallA2arteriolesA2andA2releaseA2ofA2freeA2radicals.
b.A2TheA2returnA2ofA2bloodA2flowA2toA2theA2areaA2resultsA2inA2aA2burstA2ofA2freeA2radicalA2pr
oductionA2fromA2neutrophilsA2thatA2accumulatedA2inA2theA2area.
c.A2ReperfusionA2injuryA2resultsA2fromA2restorationA2ofA2theA2functionA2ofA2theA2sodium-
potassiumA2pump.
d.A2ReperfusionA2ofA2theA2areaA2resultsA2inA2apoptosisA2ofA2theA2previouslyA2ischemicA2cel
ls.A2-A2Ans--B