Final Exam CMN 420 UPDATED ACTUAL Questions and
CORRECT Answers
Differentiate between the Three levels of prevention -Primary Prevention: includes measures taken to keep illness of injuries from
occurring. Examples are Childhood vaccines, installation of safety devices in the
home of the elderly,etc.
-Secondary Prevention: involves efforts to detect and treat existing disease.
Examples include breast and testicular exams, cholesterol screening, etc
-Tertiary Prevention: attempts to reduce the extent and severity of a health
problem to its lowest possible level to minimize disability and restore or preserve
function. Examples include rehab of person after a stroke, post mastectomy
exercise programs to restore function, etc.
Understand the ethical principles of Respect, Autonomy, -Respect: treating people as unique, equal, and responsible moral agents.
Beneficence, Nonmaleficence, Justice, Fidelity, Veracity
-Autonomy: freedom of choice and the exercise of people rights
- Beneficence: doing good or benefiting others
-Non-maleficence: avoiding or preventing harm to others as a consequence of a
persons own choices and actions.
-Justice: treating people fairly
-Fidelity: keeping promises
Veracity: telling the truth
Distinguish between herbalism, folk medicine, home -Herbalism: herbs, roots, barks and liquid preps.
remedies, magicoreligous views
-Folk medicine: a body of preserved treated practices that has been handed
down verbally from generation to generation.
-Home remedies: individualized care-giving practices that are passed down within
families.
-Magicoreligious view: focus on the control of health and illness by supernatural
forces.
,Understand the Causes of Death due to Diarrheal -Actual cause of death: generally severe dehydration and fluid loss
diseases and the treatment that can be used to reduce
deaths -Oral rehydration therapy (ORT) or use of oral rehydration salts (ORS) - used to
prevent or correct dehydration (not to treat the source of the diarrheal illness)
- Seven preventative interventions:Improved water source, Improved sanitation
and household water treatments, Exclusive breastfeeding for the first 6 months,
Hand washing with soap, Good personal and food hygiene, Health education,
Rotavirus vaccination
-Treatment interventions: ORS, Zinc supplements. Rehydration with IVF (in cases
of severe dehydration), Nutrient-rich foods, Seeking early treatment from a health
professional
Distinguish between endemic, pandemic, epidemic -Endemic: where disease is most frequently found
-Pandemic: when an epidemic is worldwide in distribution
-Epidemic : a disease occurrence that clearly exceed the normal or expected
frequency in a community or region
Understand the three elements of the epidemic triad -Host: susceptible human or animal who harbors and nourishes a disease causing
model agent
-Agent: a factor that causes or contributes to health problem or condition
(biologic, chemical, nutrient, physical or psychologial)
-Environment: all the external factors surrounding the host that might influence
vulnerability or resistance.
Understand host, reservoir, mode of transmission -Host: susceptible human or animal who harbors and nourishes a disease causing
agent.
-Reservoir: where the casual agent can live and multiply
-Mode of Transmission: literally how it was transmitted
Know the difference between chain of causation and web -Chain of causation: begins by identifying the reservoir; next the agent must have
of causation a portal of exit from the reservoir, as well as some mode of transmission; the next
link is the agent itself, then the portal of entry. Reservoir-->portal of exit-> mode of
transmission--> agent--> portal of entry--> host
-Web of causation: the implication that intervention (or breaking of the web at any
point nearest to the disease ) could profoundly impact the development of that
disease; "Casual matrix"
Understand the healthcare professional's role and - Reportable dz: if the disease has the ability to cause death and the
reportable diseases communicability of the disease (plague, cholera, yellow fever, polio TB, malaria,
viral influenza, etc)
-HCP's Role: community health nurses can use three sources of info when
conducting epidemiological investigation
, Understand the classification of the Tuberculin Skin Test - An induration of 5 or more millimeters considered positive for HIV infected ppl,
Reaction recent contacts or person with infectious TB, ppl who have fibroic changes on a
chest radiograph, patients with organ transplant and other immunosuppressed
patients (including patients taking a prolonged course or oral or IV
corticosteriods or TNF antagonists (tumor necrosis factor)
-An induration of 10 or more millimeters considered positive for people who have
come to the US within the last 5 years from the areas of the world where TB is
common (e.g Asia, Africa, Eastern Europe, Russia, or Latin America), injection drug
users, mycobacterology lab workers, ppl who live or work in high risk congregate
settings, ppl with certain medical contions that place them at risk for TB (DM,
Severe kidney dz, certain types of cancer, and certain intestinal conditions),
children younger than 5. infants, children and adolescents exposed to adults in
high risk categories
-An induration for 15 of more mm considered positive for people who no know
risk factors for TB
Define Prevalence and Incidence Incidence is the rate of new (or newly diagnosed) cases of the disease. It is
generally reported as the number of new cases occurring within a period of time
(e.g., per month, per year).
Prevalence is the actual number of cases alive, with the disease either during a
period of time (period prevalence) or at a particular date in time (point
prevalence).
Understand examples of Indirect transmissions and - Indirect Transmission: occurs when the infectious agent is transported within
Vector Transmission contaminated inanimate materials such as air, water or food (vehicle borne
transmission)
-Vector Transmission: occurs when the infectious agent is carried by a vector
(nonhuman carrier such as an animal or insect)
Understand the health effects of hazards in the home - Radon: source is naturally occuring radioactive gas; exposure pathway seeps
such as Radon and Lead into home through cracks in foundation of home; inhalation; risk groups--
>residents of home; Health effects--> lung damage particularly lung cancer.
- Lead: source from paint used prior to 1978; leaded gasoline prior to ban in
1970's; ceramics, pottery, pipes, soil; exposure pathway--> indigestion from dust in
home or soil; risk group-->children; health effects to nervous system
Understand the CHN focus of teaching and the 3 levels WE ALREADY KNOW THISSSS!
of prevention
CORRECT Answers
Differentiate between the Three levels of prevention -Primary Prevention: includes measures taken to keep illness of injuries from
occurring. Examples are Childhood vaccines, installation of safety devices in the
home of the elderly,etc.
-Secondary Prevention: involves efforts to detect and treat existing disease.
Examples include breast and testicular exams, cholesterol screening, etc
-Tertiary Prevention: attempts to reduce the extent and severity of a health
problem to its lowest possible level to minimize disability and restore or preserve
function. Examples include rehab of person after a stroke, post mastectomy
exercise programs to restore function, etc.
Understand the ethical principles of Respect, Autonomy, -Respect: treating people as unique, equal, and responsible moral agents.
Beneficence, Nonmaleficence, Justice, Fidelity, Veracity
-Autonomy: freedom of choice and the exercise of people rights
- Beneficence: doing good or benefiting others
-Non-maleficence: avoiding or preventing harm to others as a consequence of a
persons own choices and actions.
-Justice: treating people fairly
-Fidelity: keeping promises
Veracity: telling the truth
Distinguish between herbalism, folk medicine, home -Herbalism: herbs, roots, barks and liquid preps.
remedies, magicoreligous views
-Folk medicine: a body of preserved treated practices that has been handed
down verbally from generation to generation.
-Home remedies: individualized care-giving practices that are passed down within
families.
-Magicoreligious view: focus on the control of health and illness by supernatural
forces.
,Understand the Causes of Death due to Diarrheal -Actual cause of death: generally severe dehydration and fluid loss
diseases and the treatment that can be used to reduce
deaths -Oral rehydration therapy (ORT) or use of oral rehydration salts (ORS) - used to
prevent or correct dehydration (not to treat the source of the diarrheal illness)
- Seven preventative interventions:Improved water source, Improved sanitation
and household water treatments, Exclusive breastfeeding for the first 6 months,
Hand washing with soap, Good personal and food hygiene, Health education,
Rotavirus vaccination
-Treatment interventions: ORS, Zinc supplements. Rehydration with IVF (in cases
of severe dehydration), Nutrient-rich foods, Seeking early treatment from a health
professional
Distinguish between endemic, pandemic, epidemic -Endemic: where disease is most frequently found
-Pandemic: when an epidemic is worldwide in distribution
-Epidemic : a disease occurrence that clearly exceed the normal or expected
frequency in a community or region
Understand the three elements of the epidemic triad -Host: susceptible human or animal who harbors and nourishes a disease causing
model agent
-Agent: a factor that causes or contributes to health problem or condition
(biologic, chemical, nutrient, physical or psychologial)
-Environment: all the external factors surrounding the host that might influence
vulnerability or resistance.
Understand host, reservoir, mode of transmission -Host: susceptible human or animal who harbors and nourishes a disease causing
agent.
-Reservoir: where the casual agent can live and multiply
-Mode of Transmission: literally how it was transmitted
Know the difference between chain of causation and web -Chain of causation: begins by identifying the reservoir; next the agent must have
of causation a portal of exit from the reservoir, as well as some mode of transmission; the next
link is the agent itself, then the portal of entry. Reservoir-->portal of exit-> mode of
transmission--> agent--> portal of entry--> host
-Web of causation: the implication that intervention (or breaking of the web at any
point nearest to the disease ) could profoundly impact the development of that
disease; "Casual matrix"
Understand the healthcare professional's role and - Reportable dz: if the disease has the ability to cause death and the
reportable diseases communicability of the disease (plague, cholera, yellow fever, polio TB, malaria,
viral influenza, etc)
-HCP's Role: community health nurses can use three sources of info when
conducting epidemiological investigation
, Understand the classification of the Tuberculin Skin Test - An induration of 5 or more millimeters considered positive for HIV infected ppl,
Reaction recent contacts or person with infectious TB, ppl who have fibroic changes on a
chest radiograph, patients with organ transplant and other immunosuppressed
patients (including patients taking a prolonged course or oral or IV
corticosteriods or TNF antagonists (tumor necrosis factor)
-An induration of 10 or more millimeters considered positive for people who have
come to the US within the last 5 years from the areas of the world where TB is
common (e.g Asia, Africa, Eastern Europe, Russia, or Latin America), injection drug
users, mycobacterology lab workers, ppl who live or work in high risk congregate
settings, ppl with certain medical contions that place them at risk for TB (DM,
Severe kidney dz, certain types of cancer, and certain intestinal conditions),
children younger than 5. infants, children and adolescents exposed to adults in
high risk categories
-An induration for 15 of more mm considered positive for people who no know
risk factors for TB
Define Prevalence and Incidence Incidence is the rate of new (or newly diagnosed) cases of the disease. It is
generally reported as the number of new cases occurring within a period of time
(e.g., per month, per year).
Prevalence is the actual number of cases alive, with the disease either during a
period of time (period prevalence) or at a particular date in time (point
prevalence).
Understand examples of Indirect transmissions and - Indirect Transmission: occurs when the infectious agent is transported within
Vector Transmission contaminated inanimate materials such as air, water or food (vehicle borne
transmission)
-Vector Transmission: occurs when the infectious agent is carried by a vector
(nonhuman carrier such as an animal or insect)
Understand the health effects of hazards in the home - Radon: source is naturally occuring radioactive gas; exposure pathway seeps
such as Radon and Lead into home through cracks in foundation of home; inhalation; risk groups--
>residents of home; Health effects--> lung damage particularly lung cancer.
- Lead: source from paint used prior to 1978; leaded gasoline prior to ban in
1970's; ceramics, pottery, pipes, soil; exposure pathway--> indigestion from dust in
home or soil; risk group-->children; health effects to nervous system
Understand the CHN focus of teaching and the 3 levels WE ALREADY KNOW THISSSS!
of prevention
