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CPPS 303 Lectures 1 and 2 Questions and Correct Answers/ Latest Update / Already Graded

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Gap junctions Ans: Allow ion and small molecule passage between cells. Chemical signals Ans: Include ions, hormones, neurotransmitters, growth factors. Endocrine signaling An

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Page |1


CPPS 303 Lectures 1 and 2 Questions and
Correct Answers/ Latest Update / Already
Graded
Gap junctions

Ans: Allow ion and small molecule passage between cells.


Chemical signals

Ans: Include ions, hormones, neurotransmitters, growth
factors.


Endocrine signaling

Ans: Hormones secreted into blood that act on distant tissues


Paracrine signaling

Ans: Local hormones affect nearby cells of the same tissue.


Autocrine signaling

Ans: Cells respond to their own secreted signals.


Signal transduction
All rights reserved © 2025/ 2026 |

, Page |2


Ans: Process by which hormones exert biological effects.


Peptide hormones

Ans: Bind to cell-surface receptors, activating signaling.


Amine hormones

Ans: Derived from tyrosine and tryptophan, act via receptors.


Thyroid hormones

Ans: Bind intracellular receptors as steroids to regulate
metabolic rate.


Steroid hormones

Ans: Derived from cholesterol, they bind to intracellular
receptors that regulate gene transcription.


Hypothalamus

Ans: Regulates anterior pituitary hormone release.


Dopamine

All rights reserved © 2025/ 2026 |

, Page |3


Ans: Inhibits prolactin via G-proteins.


Gα i protein

Ans: Inhibits cAMP production in dopamine signaling.


Gβ i dimer

Ans: Activates K+ channels, inhibits Ca2+ channels.


Class-1 cytokine receptors

Ans: Transmembrane receptors for cytokine binding.


Protein kinase A (PKA)

Ans: Activated by cAMP, phosphorylates cellular proteins.


Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)

Ans: Secondary messenger activating PKA.


Cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP)

Ans: Activates protein kinase G (PKG) similarly to cAMP.

All rights reserved © 2025/ 2026 |

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