Exam 2 Bsc 2086 Respiratory Questions With Complete
Solutions
500 ml of air flows with a Correct Answers quiet breath
Abdominals and latissimus dorsi Correct Answers forced
expiration (to sing, cough, sneeze)
Age Correct Answers Decreases lung compliance, respiratory
muscles weaken
Air-Water Interface Correct Answers - Important for gas
exchange between air in lungs and blood in capillaries
- Gases diffuse down their concentration gradients
- Henry's law
Airflow in lungs Correct Answers bronchi-> bronchioles->
alveoli
Alveolar Blood Supply Correct Answers
Alveolar exchange of CO2 Correct Answers - carbonic acid -
70%
- carbaminohemoglobin - 23%
- dissolved gas - 7%
Alveolar Gas Exchange Correct Answers -Time required for
gases to equilibrate = 0.25 sec
- RBC transit time at rest = 0.75 sec to pass through alveolar
capillary
- RBC transit time with vigorous exercise = 0.3 sec
,Alveolar Gas Exchange Revisited Correct Answers - Reactions
are reverse of systemic gas exchange
- CO2 unloading
Alveolar Gas Exchange Revisited: CO2 unloading Correct
Answers - as Hb loads O2 its affinity for H+ decreases, H+
dissociates from Hb and bind with HCO3-
- CO2 + H2O <- H2CO3 <- HCO3- + H+
Alveolar Gas Exchange Revisited: CO2 unloading reverse
chloride shift Correct Answers HCO3- diffuses back into RBC
in exchange for Cl-, free CO2 generated diffuses into alveolus to
be exhaled
Alveolar Surface Tension Correct Answers - Thin film of water
needed for gas exchange
- Pulmonary surfactant (great alveolar cells)
- Premature infants that lack surfactant suffer from respiratory
distress syndrome
Alveolar Ventilation: Alveolar ventilation rate Correct Answers
- air that ventilates alveoli X respiratory rate
- directly relevant to ability to exchange gases
Alveolar Ventilation: Anatomic dead space Correct Answers
conducting division of airway
Alveolar Ventilation: Dead air Correct Answers fills conducting
division of airway, cannot exchange gases
, Alveolar Ventilation: Physiologic dead space Correct Answers
sum of anatomic dead space and any pathological alveolar dead
space
Alveoli Correct Answers - bud from respiratory bronchioles,
alveolar ducts and alveolar sacs
- main site for gas exchange
Alveolus lymphocyte Correct Answers
Anatomy of Nasal Region Correct Answers
Arytenoid cartilages (2) Correct Answers posterior to thyroid
cartilage
Atmospheric pressure drives respiration Correct Answers 1
atmosphere (atm) = 760 mmHg
Binding to hemoglobin Correct Answers - each heme group of
4 globin chains may
bind O2
- oxyhemoglobin (HbO2 )
- deoxyhemoglobin (HHb)
Body size Correct Answers proportional, big body/large lungs
Bony and cartilaginous supports Correct Answers superior half:
nasal bones medially and maxillae laterally
inferior half: lateral and alar cartilages
ala nasi: flared portion shaped by dense CT, forms lateral wall of
each nostril
Solutions
500 ml of air flows with a Correct Answers quiet breath
Abdominals and latissimus dorsi Correct Answers forced
expiration (to sing, cough, sneeze)
Age Correct Answers Decreases lung compliance, respiratory
muscles weaken
Air-Water Interface Correct Answers - Important for gas
exchange between air in lungs and blood in capillaries
- Gases diffuse down their concentration gradients
- Henry's law
Airflow in lungs Correct Answers bronchi-> bronchioles->
alveoli
Alveolar Blood Supply Correct Answers
Alveolar exchange of CO2 Correct Answers - carbonic acid -
70%
- carbaminohemoglobin - 23%
- dissolved gas - 7%
Alveolar Gas Exchange Correct Answers -Time required for
gases to equilibrate = 0.25 sec
- RBC transit time at rest = 0.75 sec to pass through alveolar
capillary
- RBC transit time with vigorous exercise = 0.3 sec
,Alveolar Gas Exchange Revisited Correct Answers - Reactions
are reverse of systemic gas exchange
- CO2 unloading
Alveolar Gas Exchange Revisited: CO2 unloading Correct
Answers - as Hb loads O2 its affinity for H+ decreases, H+
dissociates from Hb and bind with HCO3-
- CO2 + H2O <- H2CO3 <- HCO3- + H+
Alveolar Gas Exchange Revisited: CO2 unloading reverse
chloride shift Correct Answers HCO3- diffuses back into RBC
in exchange for Cl-, free CO2 generated diffuses into alveolus to
be exhaled
Alveolar Surface Tension Correct Answers - Thin film of water
needed for gas exchange
- Pulmonary surfactant (great alveolar cells)
- Premature infants that lack surfactant suffer from respiratory
distress syndrome
Alveolar Ventilation: Alveolar ventilation rate Correct Answers
- air that ventilates alveoli X respiratory rate
- directly relevant to ability to exchange gases
Alveolar Ventilation: Anatomic dead space Correct Answers
conducting division of airway
Alveolar Ventilation: Dead air Correct Answers fills conducting
division of airway, cannot exchange gases
, Alveolar Ventilation: Physiologic dead space Correct Answers
sum of anatomic dead space and any pathological alveolar dead
space
Alveoli Correct Answers - bud from respiratory bronchioles,
alveolar ducts and alveolar sacs
- main site for gas exchange
Alveolus lymphocyte Correct Answers
Anatomy of Nasal Region Correct Answers
Arytenoid cartilages (2) Correct Answers posterior to thyroid
cartilage
Atmospheric pressure drives respiration Correct Answers 1
atmosphere (atm) = 760 mmHg
Binding to hemoglobin Correct Answers - each heme group of
4 globin chains may
bind O2
- oxyhemoglobin (HbO2 )
- deoxyhemoglobin (HHb)
Body size Correct Answers proportional, big body/large lungs
Bony and cartilaginous supports Correct Answers superior half:
nasal bones medially and maxillae laterally
inferior half: lateral and alar cartilages
ala nasi: flared portion shaped by dense CT, forms lateral wall of
each nostril
