PHGY 216 MIDTERM MODULE 2 REVIEW
1. What are the gonads in males and females respectively?
Answer Testes and ovaries
2. What are the 2 essential reproductive functions in males?
Answer 1) Sperm production
2) Delivery of sperm to female
3. What are the 6 essential reproductive functions in females?
Answer 1) Production of ova
2) Reception of sperm
3) Transport of ovum and sperm to common site for fertilization
4) Maintenance of the developing fetus
5) Birth of baby
6) Nourishing baby via lactation
4. What are the accessory sex glands in males?
Answer The seminal vesicles, the prostate gland, & the bulbourethral glands
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,5. What are the 3 types of sexual differentiation?
Answer Genetic, gonadal, & phenotypic
6. How is genetic sex categorized?
Answer -Determined via combination of sex chromosomes at conception
-Gametes are produced via meiosis
-Half of sperm carry X chromosome, half Y; ova carry single X
-2 haploid cells combine --> fertilized ovum with 2 sets of 23 chromosomes, or 46 total
-We get either XX or XY
7. How is gonadal sex categorized?
Answer -Determined by the presence or absence of a Y chromosome
-Week 7 --> H-Y antigen acts on the gonads to ditterentiate into testes
-Absence of H-Y antigen --> ovaries
8. How is phenotypic sex categorized?
Answer -Determined by the apparent anatomical sex of an individual, dependent on gonadal sex
-Male & female genitalia develop from the same embryonic tissue (but reproductive tracks do not)
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, 9. What are the 2 duct systems in an undifferentiated embryo?
Answer Wolflan & Müllerian ducts
10. Describe Wolffian ducts
Answer -The placenta secretes hCG, which in the presence of testes stimulates them to produce and secrete testosterone
(T)
-T stimulates Wolflan ducts to develop into the male reproductive system
-T also turned into dihydrotestosterone, responsible for development of male external genitalia
-Testes secrete Müllerian-inhibiting factor, causing M ducts' degradation
11. Describe Müllerian ducts
Answer In the absence of T, Wolflan ducts degrade and Müllerian ducts develop into female reproductive tract and
external genitalia
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1. What are the gonads in males and females respectively?
Answer Testes and ovaries
2. What are the 2 essential reproductive functions in males?
Answer 1) Sperm production
2) Delivery of sperm to female
3. What are the 6 essential reproductive functions in females?
Answer 1) Production of ova
2) Reception of sperm
3) Transport of ovum and sperm to common site for fertilization
4) Maintenance of the developing fetus
5) Birth of baby
6) Nourishing baby via lactation
4. What are the accessory sex glands in males?
Answer The seminal vesicles, the prostate gland, & the bulbourethral glands
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22
,5. What are the 3 types of sexual differentiation?
Answer Genetic, gonadal, & phenotypic
6. How is genetic sex categorized?
Answer -Determined via combination of sex chromosomes at conception
-Gametes are produced via meiosis
-Half of sperm carry X chromosome, half Y; ova carry single X
-2 haploid cells combine --> fertilized ovum with 2 sets of 23 chromosomes, or 46 total
-We get either XX or XY
7. How is gonadal sex categorized?
Answer -Determined by the presence or absence of a Y chromosome
-Week 7 --> H-Y antigen acts on the gonads to ditterentiate into testes
-Absence of H-Y antigen --> ovaries
8. How is phenotypic sex categorized?
Answer -Determined by the apparent anatomical sex of an individual, dependent on gonadal sex
-Male & female genitalia develop from the same embryonic tissue (but reproductive tracks do not)
2/
22
, 9. What are the 2 duct systems in an undifferentiated embryo?
Answer Wolflan & Müllerian ducts
10. Describe Wolffian ducts
Answer -The placenta secretes hCG, which in the presence of testes stimulates them to produce and secrete testosterone
(T)
-T stimulates Wolflan ducts to develop into the male reproductive system
-T also turned into dihydrotestosterone, responsible for development of male external genitalia
-Testes secrete Müllerian-inhibiting factor, causing M ducts' degradation
11. Describe Müllerian ducts
Answer In the absence of T, Wolflan ducts degrade and Müllerian ducts develop into female reproductive tract and
external genitalia
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22
