HNG 540 540 SIMULATION MIDTERM EXAM
2026 QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS
GUARANTEED TO PASS
◉ Pharmacokinetics. Answer: what the body does to the drug
◉ pharmacodynamics. Answer: what the drug does to the body
◉ protein binding. Answer: the attachment of a drug molecule to a
plasma or tissue protein, effectively making the drug inactive but also
keeping it within the body
◉ Bioavailability. Answer: A measure of the extent of drug absorption
for a given drug and route (from 0% to 100%).
◉ Advantage of minimal protein binding. Answer: better tissue
penetration as there is more free drug available
◉ disadvantage of minimal protein binding. Answer: excreted much
faster than a medication with a higher binding level
◉ What does protein binding effect. Answer: distribution, metabolism,
and elimination
,◉ Disadvantage of strongly bound protein drugs. Answer: will have
lower concentration of free form drugs available for interaction, leading
to longer duration of action and low rates of elimination
◉ True/False the unbound form of a drug cannot exert any effect.
Answer: False - the remaining unbound portion of a drug is the ONLY
portion that will exert any effect
◉ A drug displays 60% protein binding? What percentage will exert an
effect. Answer: 40% of the drug is free/unbound, meaning that only that
40% will have an effect
◉ What needs to be considered protein binding wise, when prescribing
medications. Answer: -patients serum protein levels
- dose of medication
◉ Why must dosing be considered when prescribing medications in
relation to protein binding. Answer: this should be considered to ensure
maximum drug amount is available to have an effect on the body
◉ What factor can influence gastric absorption when a drug is being
administered orally. Answer: Lipid solubility
, ◉ What type of drugs tend to be absorbed more efficiently in the GI
tract. Answer: lipophilic drugs
◉ Why do lipophilic drugs get absorbed more efficiently in the GI tract
and stomach. Answer: this is due to cell membranes in the GI tract being
composed of lipids, allows these drugs to cross more freely
◉ first pass metabolism. Answer: the substance degradation of an orally
administered drug caused by enzyme metabolism in the liver before the
drug reaches the systemic circulation
◉ True/False only PO medications undergo first pass metabolism.
Answer: False; all drugs regardless of route of administrations must pass
through the liver before reaching its target tissues and having therapeutic
effects; many drugs are not active until they reach the liver
◉ What is the process of a PO drug going through first pass. Answer:
drug administered -> drug absorbed into the GI mucosa then to the blood
stream-> portal circulation -> Liver metabolizes -> biotransformations -
> elimination
◉ portal circulation. Answer: a system of veins from GI tract to liver
2026 QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS
GUARANTEED TO PASS
◉ Pharmacokinetics. Answer: what the body does to the drug
◉ pharmacodynamics. Answer: what the drug does to the body
◉ protein binding. Answer: the attachment of a drug molecule to a
plasma or tissue protein, effectively making the drug inactive but also
keeping it within the body
◉ Bioavailability. Answer: A measure of the extent of drug absorption
for a given drug and route (from 0% to 100%).
◉ Advantage of minimal protein binding. Answer: better tissue
penetration as there is more free drug available
◉ disadvantage of minimal protein binding. Answer: excreted much
faster than a medication with a higher binding level
◉ What does protein binding effect. Answer: distribution, metabolism,
and elimination
,◉ Disadvantage of strongly bound protein drugs. Answer: will have
lower concentration of free form drugs available for interaction, leading
to longer duration of action and low rates of elimination
◉ True/False the unbound form of a drug cannot exert any effect.
Answer: False - the remaining unbound portion of a drug is the ONLY
portion that will exert any effect
◉ A drug displays 60% protein binding? What percentage will exert an
effect. Answer: 40% of the drug is free/unbound, meaning that only that
40% will have an effect
◉ What needs to be considered protein binding wise, when prescribing
medications. Answer: -patients serum protein levels
- dose of medication
◉ Why must dosing be considered when prescribing medications in
relation to protein binding. Answer: this should be considered to ensure
maximum drug amount is available to have an effect on the body
◉ What factor can influence gastric absorption when a drug is being
administered orally. Answer: Lipid solubility
, ◉ What type of drugs tend to be absorbed more efficiently in the GI
tract. Answer: lipophilic drugs
◉ Why do lipophilic drugs get absorbed more efficiently in the GI tract
and stomach. Answer: this is due to cell membranes in the GI tract being
composed of lipids, allows these drugs to cross more freely
◉ first pass metabolism. Answer: the substance degradation of an orally
administered drug caused by enzyme metabolism in the liver before the
drug reaches the systemic circulation
◉ True/False only PO medications undergo first pass metabolism.
Answer: False; all drugs regardless of route of administrations must pass
through the liver before reaching its target tissues and having therapeutic
effects; many drugs are not active until they reach the liver
◉ What is the process of a PO drug going through first pass. Answer:
drug administered -> drug absorbed into the GI mucosa then to the blood
stream-> portal circulation -> Liver metabolizes -> biotransformations -
> elimination
◉ portal circulation. Answer: a system of veins from GI tract to liver
