Complaints from patients with hypokinetic dysarthria include difficulty ________ speech.
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Initiating
Flaccid dysarthria
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Damage to the motor units of the cranial and spinal nerves that supply the
speech muscles and in final common pathway (voluntary, involuntary,
reflexes affected), lower motor neurons affected and disrupts flow of
neural impulses, all speech system may be impacted.
,Syndenham's chorea
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Primarily seen in children with rheumatic fever, clears on it owns without
treatment.
Flaccid dysarthria caused by spinal nerve damage causes reduced ________ as a result of
reduced ________ ________ ________.
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Loudness, subglottic air pressure
Two types of hyperkinetic dysarthria:
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1. Chorea
2. Dystonia
Unilateral UMN dysarthria
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, Damage to the UMN that supply cranial and spinal nerves, unilateral
damage that affects muscles of contralateral lower face and tongue,
head/neck muscles receive bilateral innervation from the cortex, affects
motor neurons in CNS, weakness in extremities on the opposite side,
mildness/short duration and frequent co-occurrence with deficits that may
mask.
Four prosodic exercises for spastic dysarthria:
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1. Pitch range exercises.
2. Intonation profiles.
3. Contrastive stress drills.
4. Chunking utterances.
Phonatory characteristics of flaccid dysarthria include having difficulty with altering
________.
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Pitch
In ataxic dysarthria, ________ is thought to explain the perceptual characteristics but is
not proven.
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, Incoordination
Ten etiologies of ataxic dysarthria:
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1. Autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxia of late onset.
2. Friedichs ataxia.
3. Olivopontocerebellar degeneration.
4. Degenerative diseases (ex: multiple sclerosis).
5. Stroke/CVA.
6. Physical trauma (ex: TBI).
7. Tumors
8. Hypothyroidism
9. Infections
10. Toxic conditions
Hypokinetic dysarthria
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Damage to the basal ganglia control circuit (extrapyramidal), reduction in
dopamine in the striatum, can manifest in all speech processes but mostly
voice, articulation and prosody, rigidity, reduced force, range of movement
is slow but fast repetitive movements, perceptually the only dysarthria with
rapid rate of speech, less movement with more muscle tone.
Mixed dysarthria
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Initiating
Flaccid dysarthria
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Damage to the motor units of the cranial and spinal nerves that supply the
speech muscles and in final common pathway (voluntary, involuntary,
reflexes affected), lower motor neurons affected and disrupts flow of
neural impulses, all speech system may be impacted.
,Syndenham's chorea
Give this one a try later!
Primarily seen in children with rheumatic fever, clears on it owns without
treatment.
Flaccid dysarthria caused by spinal nerve damage causes reduced ________ as a result of
reduced ________ ________ ________.
Give this one a try later!
Loudness, subglottic air pressure
Two types of hyperkinetic dysarthria:
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1. Chorea
2. Dystonia
Unilateral UMN dysarthria
Give this one a try later!
, Damage to the UMN that supply cranial and spinal nerves, unilateral
damage that affects muscles of contralateral lower face and tongue,
head/neck muscles receive bilateral innervation from the cortex, affects
motor neurons in CNS, weakness in extremities on the opposite side,
mildness/short duration and frequent co-occurrence with deficits that may
mask.
Four prosodic exercises for spastic dysarthria:
Give this one a try later!
1. Pitch range exercises.
2. Intonation profiles.
3. Contrastive stress drills.
4. Chunking utterances.
Phonatory characteristics of flaccid dysarthria include having difficulty with altering
________.
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Pitch
In ataxic dysarthria, ________ is thought to explain the perceptual characteristics but is
not proven.
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, Incoordination
Ten etiologies of ataxic dysarthria:
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1. Autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxia of late onset.
2. Friedichs ataxia.
3. Olivopontocerebellar degeneration.
4. Degenerative diseases (ex: multiple sclerosis).
5. Stroke/CVA.
6. Physical trauma (ex: TBI).
7. Tumors
8. Hypothyroidism
9. Infections
10. Toxic conditions
Hypokinetic dysarthria
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Damage to the basal ganglia control circuit (extrapyramidal), reduction in
dopamine in the striatum, can manifest in all speech processes but mostly
voice, articulation and prosody, rigidity, reduced force, range of movement
is slow but fast repetitive movements, perceptually the only dysarthria with
rapid rate of speech, less movement with more muscle tone.
Mixed dysarthria
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