Comprehensive HENT, Ophthalmology & Pulmonary Exam Mastery: Head & Neck Anatomy, Thyroid & Lymph Nodes, Sinuses, Ear, Nose, Oropharynx, Hearing, Vision, Extraocular Muscles, Pupils, Retina, Papilledema, Conjunctiva, Cornea, Airways, Lung Sounds, Crackles,

Comprehensive HENT, Ophthalmology & Pulmonary Exam Mastery: Head & Neck Anatomy, Thyroid & Lymph Nodes, Sinuses, Ear, Nose, Oropharynx, Hearing, Vision, Extraocular Muscles, Pupils, Retina, Papilledema, Conjunctiva, Cornea, Airways, Lung Sounds, Crackles, Wheezing, Stridor, Respiratory Distress, Chest Wall Abnormalities, Cough Evaluation, Red Flags, Clinical Assessment, Auscultation, Pulmonary Pathophysiology Exam Questions Verified and Provided with A+ Graded Rationales Latest Updated 2026 What needs to be looked at in the HENT exam? inspect head palpate head inspect the neck palpate the neck palpate the thyroid gland ear examination nose examination oropharynx examination Inspection of the head shape of skull position hair (or not) any rashes or skin lesions lumps or masses face: skin, symmetry, swelling Palpating the head Any tenderness? Lumps/bumps? Sinuses Inspection of the neck Looking for: - masses or rashes - scars - thyroid enlargement - tracheal deviation - distended veins What should be palpated in the neck? a/p lymphatic chains a/p triangles supraclavicular areas salivary glands thyroid tracheal position What sinuses should be palpated during exam? pre-auricular posterior auricular occipital tonsillar submandibular submental superficial cervical deep cervical posterior cervical supraclavicular posterior triangle behind sternocleidomastoid anterior triangle lies in front of the sternocleidomastoid supraclavicular triangle borders: clavicle (inferior) omohyoid (superior) sternocleidomastoid (anterior) Virchow's node Supraclavicular node enlargement by metastatic carcinoma of the stomach **gastric cancer** palpating the thyroid Anterior: - palpate for asymmetry - observe and palpate while patient is swallowing Posterior: - stand BEHIND the patient - retract one side of the SCM muscle with ipsilateral hand and palpate the thyroid gland for masses etc with CONTRALATERAL hand When palpating the thyroid from posterior side, what hand is retracting the SCM? ipsilateral hand When palpating the thyroid from posterior side, what hand is feeling for masses? contralateral hand (b/c ipsilateral hand is retracting the SCM) When are the frontal and maxillary sinuses palpated? during head exam external ear and ear canal examination Pinna - inspect and palpate anterior and posterior Mastoid Process - inspect and palpate External Auditory Canal - perform exam with otoscope External Auditory Canal examination 1. Attach speculum to otoscope 2. turn on light source 3. retract pinna with CONTRALATERAL hand to the ear you are examining (EX: left ear, right hand retracts)