Test Bank For McCance & Huether’s Pathophysiology The Biologic Basis for Disease in Adults and Children 9th Edition By Julia Rogers, All Chapters 1 – 50, A+ guide.

PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 8TH EDITION MCCANCE TEST BANK
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McCance and Huether’s, Pathophysiology:The Biologic Basis
for Disease in Adults and Children, 9TH
ED(PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 9TH EDITION)




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Chapter 1: Cellular Biology
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MULTIPLE CHOICE w# w#
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1. Which statement best describes the cellular function of metabolic absorption?
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a. Cells can produce proteins. c. Cells can take in and use nutrients.
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b. Cells can secrete digestive enzymes.w# d. Cells can synthesize fats.
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ANS: C w# w#


In metabolic absorption, all cells take in and use nutrients and other substances from t
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heir surroundings. The remaining options are not inclusive in their descriptions of cell
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ular metabolic absorption.
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2. Most of a cell’s genetic information, including RNA and DNA, is contained in the:
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a. Mitochondria c. Nucleolus w# w# w#


b. Ribosome d. Lysosome w# w# w#
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ANS: C w# w#


The nucleus contains the nucleolus, a small dense structure composed largely of RNA
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, most of the cellular DNA, and the DNA-
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binding proteins, such as the histones, which regulate its activity. The other options d
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o not contain most of a cell’s genetic information.
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3. Which component of the cell produces hydrogen peroxide (HNURSINGTB.COM
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2O2) by using oxygen to remove hydrogen atoms from specific substrates in an oxida
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tive reaction?
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a. Lysosomes c. Ribosomes w# w# w#


b. Peroxisomes d. Oxyhydrosomes w# w# w#
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ANS: B w# w#


Peroxisomes are so named because they usually contain enzymes that use oxygen to r
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emove hydrogen atoms from specific substrates in an oxidative reaction that produces
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H2O2, which is a powerful oxidant and potentially destructive if it accumulates or esc
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apes from peroxisomes. Ribosomes are RNA-
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protein complexes (nucleoproteins) that are synthesized in the nucleolus and secreted i
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nto the cytoplasm through pores in the nuclear envelope called nuclear pore complexe
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s. Lysosomes are saclike structures that originate from the Golgi complex and contain
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#more than 40 digestive enzymes called hydrolases, which catalyze bonds in proteins,
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lipids, nucleic acids, and carbohydrates. Oxyhydrosomes are involved in enzyme prod
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uction. w#
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PTS: 1 w# w# REF: Page 8 w# w# w#
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4. Which cell component is capable of cellular autodigestion when it is released during ce
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ll injury?
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a. Ribosome c. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum w# w# w# w# w#


b. Golgi complex d. Lysosomes w# w# w# w#
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ANS: D w# w#


The lysosomal membrane acts as a protective shield between the powerful digestive e
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nzymes within the lysosome and the cytoplasm, preventing their leakage into the cyto
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plasmic matrix. Disruption of the membrane by various treatments or cellular injury le
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ads to a release of the lysosomal enzymes, which can then react with their specific su
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bstrates, causing cellular self-
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digestion. The other options do not correctly describe this process.
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5. What is the sequence of steps in the development of a digestive enzyme by the pancrea
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s cells from the initial transcription to the release from the cell?
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a. The enzyme is transcribed from DNA by RNA in the nucleus, proceeds to the rib
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osome for synthesis, and is transported in a secretory vesicle to the cell membrane
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b. The enzyme is transcribed from RNA by DNA in the nucleus, proceeds to the lys
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osome for synthesis, and is transported in an encapsulated membrane to the cell m
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embrane. w#


c. The enzyme is transcribed by the mitochondria in the nucleus, proceeds to the rib
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osome for synthesis, and is transported in a cytoskeleton to the cell membrane.
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d. The enzyme is transcribed from DNA by RNA in the nucleus, proceeds to the
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Golgi complex for synthesis, and is transported in a cytosol to the cell membrane.
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ANS: A w# w#


The enzyme is transcribed from DNA by RNA in the nucleus, proceeds to the riboso
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me for synthesis, and is transported in a secretory vesicle to the cell membrane. The
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other options do not correctly describe this process.
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PTS: 1 w# w# REF: Page 7 | Figure 1-5
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6. During which phase of the cell cycle is DNA synthesized?
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a. G1 c. G2 w# w# w#


b. S d. M w# w# w#
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ANS: B w# w#


The four designated phases of the cell cycle are: (1) the G1 phase (G = gap), which i
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s the period between the M phase (M = mitosis) and the start of DNA synthesis; (2)
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the S phase (S = synthesis), during which DNA is synthesized in the cell nucleus; (3)
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the G2 phase, during which RNA and protein synthesis occurs, the period between th
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e completion of DNA synthesis and the next phase (M); and (4) the M phase, which
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includes nuclear and cytoplasmic division.
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PTS: 1 w# w# REF: Page 37 w# w# w#
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7. What organic compound facilitates transportation across cell membranes by acting as re
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ceptors, transport channels for electrolytes, and enzymes to drive active pumps?
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a. Lipids c. Proteins w# w# w#


b. Proteases d. Carbohydrates w# w# w#
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ANS: C w# w#


Proteins act as (1) recognition and binding units (receptors) for substances moving in
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and out of the cell; (2) pores or transport channels for various electrically charged par
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ticles called ions or electrolytes and specific carriers for amino acids and monosacchar
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ides; and (3) specific enzymes that drive active pumps that promote the concentration
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#of certain ions, particularly potassium (K+), within the cell while keeping concentratio
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ns of other ions, for example, sodium (Na+), below the concentrations found in the ex
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tracellular environment. The other options do not correctly describe this process.
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PTS: 1 w# w# REF: Page 13 | Page 15
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8. Understanding the various steps of proteolytic cascades, such as caspase-
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mediated apoptosis and complement cascades, may be useful in designing drug therapy
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for which human diseases?
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a. Cardiac and vascular disorders w# w# w# w#


b. Autoimmune and malignant disorders w# w# w# w#


c. Gastrointestinal and renal disorders w# w# w# w#


d. Endocrine and gastrointestinal disorders w# w# w# w#
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ANS: B w# w#


Understanding the various steps involved in this process is crucial for designing drug
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interventions. Dysregulation of proteases features prominently in many human diseases
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, including cancer, autoimmunity, and neurodegenerative disorders. The other options
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do not correctly describe this process.
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9. Which structure prevents water-
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soluble molecules from entering cells across the plasma membrane?
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a. Carbohydrate chains w# w# c. Membrane channel proteins
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b. Glycoprotein channels w# w# d. Lipid bilayer
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ANS: D w# w#


The bilayer’s structure accounts for one of the essential functions of the plasma mem
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brane. It is impermeable to most water-
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soluble molecules (molecules that dissolve in water) because the water-
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soluble molecules are insoluble in the oily core region. The bilayer serves as a barrier
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to the diffusion of water and hydrophilic substances while allowing lipid-
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soluble molecules, such as oxygen (O2) and carbon dioxide (CO2), to diffuse through
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it readily. The other options do not correctly describe this process.
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