Ricci Chapter 27 - Test Bank - 4th Edition || 100% Verified
Solutions.
1. The nurse is conducting a well-child examination of a 5-year-old girl, who was 40
in tall at her last examination at age 4. Which height measurement would be within
the normal range of growth expected for a preschooler?
A) 41 in
B) 43 in
C) 45 in
D) 47 in Correct Ans: B
Feedback:
The average preschool-age child will grow 2.5 to 3 in (6.5 to 7.8 cm) per year. The
average 3-year-old is 37 in tall (96.2 cm), the average 4-year-old is 40.5 in tall
(103.7 cm), and the average 5-year-old is 43 in tall (118.5 cm).
2. The nurse is teaching the parents of a 4-year-old boy about the normal maturation
of the child's organs during the preschool years and their effect on body functions.
Which statements accurately describe these changes? Select all that apply.
A) Myelination of the spinal cord allows for bowel and bladder control to be complete in most
children by age 3 years.
B) The respiratory structures are continuing to grow in size, and the number of alveoli continues
to increase, reaching the adult number at about 7 years of age.
C) Heart rate increases and blood pressure decreases slightly during the preschool years; an
innocent heart murmur may be heard upon auscultation.
D) The bones continue to increase in length and the muscles continue to strengthen and mature;
however, the musculoskeletal system is still not fully mature.
E) The small intestine is continuing to grow in length, and stool passage usually occurs once or
tw Correct Ans: A, B, D, E
Feedback:
Most of the body systems have matured by the preschool years. Myelination of
the spinal cord allows for bowel and bladder control to be complete in most
children by age 3 years. The respiratory structures are continuing to grow in
size, and the number of alveoli continues to increase, reaching the adult
number at about 7 years of age. The bones continue to increase in length and
the muscles continue to strengthen and mature. However, the musculoskeletal
system is still not fully mature. The small intestine is continuing to grow in
length, and stool passage usually occurs once or twice per day in the average
preschooler. The 4-year-old generally has adequate bowel control. Heart rate
decreases and blood pressure increases slightly during the preschool years. An
innocent heart murmur may be heard upon auscultation. The urethra remains
short in both boys and girls, making them more susceptible to urinary tract
infections than adults.
3. The nurse is assessing the psychosocial development of a preschooler. What are
normal activities characteristic of the preschooler? Select all that apply.
A) Plans activities and makes up games.
, B) Initiates activities with others.
C) Acts out roles of other people.
D) Engages in parallel play with peers.
E) Classifies or groups objects by their common elements.
F) Understands relationships among objects. Correct Ans: A, B, C
Feedback:
The many activities of the preschooler include beginning to plan activities, making
up games, initiating activities with others, and acting out the roles of other people
(real and imaginary). Toddlers engage in parallel play; preschoolers engage in
cooperative play. School-age children classify or group objects by common elements
and understand relationships among objects.
4. The nurse is caring for a 5-year-old girl posttonsillectomy. The girl looks out the
window and tells the nurse that it is raining and says, "The sky is crying because it is
sad that my throat hurts." The nurse understands that the girl is demonstrating which
mental process?
A) Magical thinking
B) Centration
C) Transduction
D) Animism Correct Ans: A
Feedback:
The nurse understands that the girl is demonstrating magical thinking. Magical
thinking is a normal part of preschool development. The preschool-age child believes
her thoughts to be all-powerful. Transduction is reasoning by viewing one situation as
the basis for another situation whether or not they are truly causally linked. Animism
is attributing life-like qualities to inanimate objects. Centration is focusing on one
aspect of a situation while neglecting others.
5. The parents of a 4-year-old ask the nurse when their child will be able to
differentiate right from wrong and develop morals. What would be the best response
of the nurse?
A) "The preschooler has no sense of right and wrong."
B) "The preschooler is developing a conscience."
C) "The preschooler sees morality as internal to self."
D) "The preschooler's morals are his or her own, right or wrong." Correct Ans: B
Feedback:
The preschool child can understand the concepts of right and wrong and is
developing a conscience. Preschool children see morality as external to themselves;
they defer to power (that of the adult). The child's moral standards are those of their
parents or other adults who influence them, not necessarily their own.
6. Which activity would the nurse least likely include as exemplifying the
preconceptual phase of Piaget's preoperational stage?
A) Displays of animism
B) Use of active imaginations
C) Understanding of opposites
Solutions.
1. The nurse is conducting a well-child examination of a 5-year-old girl, who was 40
in tall at her last examination at age 4. Which height measurement would be within
the normal range of growth expected for a preschooler?
A) 41 in
B) 43 in
C) 45 in
D) 47 in Correct Ans: B
Feedback:
The average preschool-age child will grow 2.5 to 3 in (6.5 to 7.8 cm) per year. The
average 3-year-old is 37 in tall (96.2 cm), the average 4-year-old is 40.5 in tall
(103.7 cm), and the average 5-year-old is 43 in tall (118.5 cm).
2. The nurse is teaching the parents of a 4-year-old boy about the normal maturation
of the child's organs during the preschool years and their effect on body functions.
Which statements accurately describe these changes? Select all that apply.
A) Myelination of the spinal cord allows for bowel and bladder control to be complete in most
children by age 3 years.
B) The respiratory structures are continuing to grow in size, and the number of alveoli continues
to increase, reaching the adult number at about 7 years of age.
C) Heart rate increases and blood pressure decreases slightly during the preschool years; an
innocent heart murmur may be heard upon auscultation.
D) The bones continue to increase in length and the muscles continue to strengthen and mature;
however, the musculoskeletal system is still not fully mature.
E) The small intestine is continuing to grow in length, and stool passage usually occurs once or
tw Correct Ans: A, B, D, E
Feedback:
Most of the body systems have matured by the preschool years. Myelination of
the spinal cord allows for bowel and bladder control to be complete in most
children by age 3 years. The respiratory structures are continuing to grow in
size, and the number of alveoli continues to increase, reaching the adult
number at about 7 years of age. The bones continue to increase in length and
the muscles continue to strengthen and mature. However, the musculoskeletal
system is still not fully mature. The small intestine is continuing to grow in
length, and stool passage usually occurs once or twice per day in the average
preschooler. The 4-year-old generally has adequate bowel control. Heart rate
decreases and blood pressure increases slightly during the preschool years. An
innocent heart murmur may be heard upon auscultation. The urethra remains
short in both boys and girls, making them more susceptible to urinary tract
infections than adults.
3. The nurse is assessing the psychosocial development of a preschooler. What are
normal activities characteristic of the preschooler? Select all that apply.
A) Plans activities and makes up games.
, B) Initiates activities with others.
C) Acts out roles of other people.
D) Engages in parallel play with peers.
E) Classifies or groups objects by their common elements.
F) Understands relationships among objects. Correct Ans: A, B, C
Feedback:
The many activities of the preschooler include beginning to plan activities, making
up games, initiating activities with others, and acting out the roles of other people
(real and imaginary). Toddlers engage in parallel play; preschoolers engage in
cooperative play. School-age children classify or group objects by common elements
and understand relationships among objects.
4. The nurse is caring for a 5-year-old girl posttonsillectomy. The girl looks out the
window and tells the nurse that it is raining and says, "The sky is crying because it is
sad that my throat hurts." The nurse understands that the girl is demonstrating which
mental process?
A) Magical thinking
B) Centration
C) Transduction
D) Animism Correct Ans: A
Feedback:
The nurse understands that the girl is demonstrating magical thinking. Magical
thinking is a normal part of preschool development. The preschool-age child believes
her thoughts to be all-powerful. Transduction is reasoning by viewing one situation as
the basis for another situation whether or not they are truly causally linked. Animism
is attributing life-like qualities to inanimate objects. Centration is focusing on one
aspect of a situation while neglecting others.
5. The parents of a 4-year-old ask the nurse when their child will be able to
differentiate right from wrong and develop morals. What would be the best response
of the nurse?
A) "The preschooler has no sense of right and wrong."
B) "The preschooler is developing a conscience."
C) "The preschooler sees morality as internal to self."
D) "The preschooler's morals are his or her own, right or wrong." Correct Ans: B
Feedback:
The preschool child can understand the concepts of right and wrong and is
developing a conscience. Preschool children see morality as external to themselves;
they defer to power (that of the adult). The child's moral standards are those of their
parents or other adults who influence them, not necessarily their own.
6. Which activity would the nurse least likely include as exemplifying the
preconceptual phase of Piaget's preoperational stage?
A) Displays of animism
B) Use of active imaginations
C) Understanding of opposites
