Pathophysiology_The_ Biologic_Basis_for_Dis ease_in_Adults_and_C hildren_8th_Edition
Pathophysiology_The_
Biologic_Basis_for_Dis
ease_in_Adults_and_C
hildren_8th_Edition
Chapter 01: Cellular Biology
McCance/Huether: Pathophysiology: The Biologic Basis of Disease in Adults and Children, 8th Edition
MULTIPLE CHOICE
Which statement best describes the cellular function of metabolic absorption?
Cells can produce proteins.
Cells can secrete digestive enzymes.
Cells can take in and use nutrients.
Cells can synthesize fats.
ANS: C
In metabolic absorption, all cells take in and use nutrients and other substances from their surroundings. The remaining
options are not inclusive in their descriptions of cellular metabolic absorption.
PTS: 1DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering
Where is most of a cell’s genetic information, including RNA and DNA, contained?
Mitochondria
Ribosome
Nucleolus
Lysosome
ANS: C
The nucleus contains the nucleolus, a small dense structure composed largely of RNA, most of the cellular DNA, and the
DNA-binding proteins, such as the histones, which regulate its activity. The mitochondria are responsible for cellular
respiration and energy production.
Ribosomes’ chief function is to provide sites for cellular protein synthesis. Lysosomes function as the intracellular
digestive system.
PTS: 1DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering
Which component of the cell produces hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) by using oxygen to remove hydrogen atoms from
specific substrates in an oxidative reaction?
Lysosomes
Peroxisomes
Ribosomes
Endosome
Pathophysiology_The_ Biologic_Basis_for_Dis ease_in_Adults_and_C hildren_8th_Edition
,Pathophysiology_The_ Biologic_Basis_for_Dis ease_in_Adults_and_C hildren_8th_Edition
ANS: B
Peroxisomes are so named because they usually contain enzymes that use oxygen to remove hydrogen atoms from specific
substrates in an oxidative reaction that produces H2O2, which is a powerful oxidant and potentially destructive if it
accumulates or escapes from peroxisomes. Ribosomes are RNA-protein complexes (nucleoproteins) that are synthesized in
the nucleolus and secreted into the cytoplasm through pores in the nuclear envelope called nuclear pore complexes.
Lysosomes are saclike structures that originate from the Golgi complex and contain more than 40 digestive enzymes called
hydrolases, which catalyze bonds in proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and carbohydrates. An endosome is a vesical that has
been pinched off from the cellular membrane.
PTS: 1DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering
Which cell component is capable of cellular autodigestion when it is released during cell injury?
Ribosome
Golgi complex
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
Lysosomes
ANS: D
Pathophysiology_The_ Biologic_Basis_for_Dis ease_in_Adults_and_C hildren_8th_Edition
, The lysosomal membrane acts as a protective shield between the powerful digestive enzymes
within the lysosome and the cytoplasm, preventing their leakage into the cytoplasmic matrix.
Disruption of the membrane by various treatments or cellular injury leads to a release of the
lysosomal enzymes, which can then react with their specific substrates, causing cellular
self-digestion. The chief function of a ribosome is to provide sites for cellular protein
synthesis. The Golgi complex is a network of flattened, smooth vesicles and membranes often
located near the cell nucleus. The smooth endoplasmic reticulum is involved in steroid
hormone production and removing toxic substances from the cell.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering
1. Which cAMP-mediated response is related to antidiuretic hormone?
a. Increased heart rate and force of contraction
b. Secretion of cortisol
c. Increased retention of water
d. Breakdown of fat
ANS: C
Antidiuretic hormone leads to increased retention of water in the body. Epinephrine causes
increases in heart rate and force of contraction. Increased cortisol secretion is due to ACTH.
Breakdown of fat is due to glucagon.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering
2. During which phase of the cell cycle is DNA synthesized?
a. G1
b. S
c. G2
d. M
ANS: B
The four designated phases of the cell cycle are: (1) the G1 phase (G = gap), which is the
period between the M phase (M = mitosis) and the start of DNA synthesis; (2) the S phase (S
= synthesis), during which DNA is synthesized in the cell nucleus; (3) the G2 phase, during
which RNA and protein synthesis occurs, the period between the completion of DNA
synthesis and the next phase (M); and (4) the M phase, which includes nuclear and
cytoplasmic division.
, PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering
3. What organic compound facilitates transportation across cell membranes by acting as
receptors, transport channels for electrolytes, and enzymes to drive active pumps?
a. Lipids
b. Proteases
c. Proteins
d. Carbohydrates
ANS: C
Proteins have several functions, including acting as receptors, transport channels for
electrolytes, and enzymes to drive active pumps Lipids help act as the “glue” holding cell
membranes together. Proteases cause the breakdown of protein. Carbohydrates are involved in
cellular protection and lubrication and help produce energy via oxidative phosphorylation.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering
4. Understanding the various steps of proteolytic cascades may be useful in designing drug
therapy for which human diseases?
a. Cardiac and vascular disorders
b. Autoimmune and malignant disorders
c. Gastrointestinal and renal disorders
d. Endocrine and gastrointestinal disorders
ANS: B
Understanding the various steps involved in this process is crucial for designing drug
interventions. Dysregulation of proteases features prominently in many human diseases,
including cancer, autoimmunity, and neurodegenerative disorders. Cardiac, vascular,
gastrointestinal, renal, and endocrine disorders do not involve this process.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering
5. Which structure prevents water-soluble molecules from entering cells across the plasma
membrane?
a. Carbohydrate chains
b. Glycoprotein channels
Pathophysiology_The_
Biologic_Basis_for_Dis
ease_in_Adults_and_C
hildren_8th_Edition
Chapter 01: Cellular Biology
McCance/Huether: Pathophysiology: The Biologic Basis of Disease in Adults and Children, 8th Edition
MULTIPLE CHOICE
Which statement best describes the cellular function of metabolic absorption?
Cells can produce proteins.
Cells can secrete digestive enzymes.
Cells can take in and use nutrients.
Cells can synthesize fats.
ANS: C
In metabolic absorption, all cells take in and use nutrients and other substances from their surroundings. The remaining
options are not inclusive in their descriptions of cellular metabolic absorption.
PTS: 1DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering
Where is most of a cell’s genetic information, including RNA and DNA, contained?
Mitochondria
Ribosome
Nucleolus
Lysosome
ANS: C
The nucleus contains the nucleolus, a small dense structure composed largely of RNA, most of the cellular DNA, and the
DNA-binding proteins, such as the histones, which regulate its activity. The mitochondria are responsible for cellular
respiration and energy production.
Ribosomes’ chief function is to provide sites for cellular protein synthesis. Lysosomes function as the intracellular
digestive system.
PTS: 1DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering
Which component of the cell produces hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) by using oxygen to remove hydrogen atoms from
specific substrates in an oxidative reaction?
Lysosomes
Peroxisomes
Ribosomes
Endosome
Pathophysiology_The_ Biologic_Basis_for_Dis ease_in_Adults_and_C hildren_8th_Edition
,Pathophysiology_The_ Biologic_Basis_for_Dis ease_in_Adults_and_C hildren_8th_Edition
ANS: B
Peroxisomes are so named because they usually contain enzymes that use oxygen to remove hydrogen atoms from specific
substrates in an oxidative reaction that produces H2O2, which is a powerful oxidant and potentially destructive if it
accumulates or escapes from peroxisomes. Ribosomes are RNA-protein complexes (nucleoproteins) that are synthesized in
the nucleolus and secreted into the cytoplasm through pores in the nuclear envelope called nuclear pore complexes.
Lysosomes are saclike structures that originate from the Golgi complex and contain more than 40 digestive enzymes called
hydrolases, which catalyze bonds in proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and carbohydrates. An endosome is a vesical that has
been pinched off from the cellular membrane.
PTS: 1DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering
Which cell component is capable of cellular autodigestion when it is released during cell injury?
Ribosome
Golgi complex
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
Lysosomes
ANS: D
Pathophysiology_The_ Biologic_Basis_for_Dis ease_in_Adults_and_C hildren_8th_Edition
, The lysosomal membrane acts as a protective shield between the powerful digestive enzymes
within the lysosome and the cytoplasm, preventing their leakage into the cytoplasmic matrix.
Disruption of the membrane by various treatments or cellular injury leads to a release of the
lysosomal enzymes, which can then react with their specific substrates, causing cellular
self-digestion. The chief function of a ribosome is to provide sites for cellular protein
synthesis. The Golgi complex is a network of flattened, smooth vesicles and membranes often
located near the cell nucleus. The smooth endoplasmic reticulum is involved in steroid
hormone production and removing toxic substances from the cell.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering
1. Which cAMP-mediated response is related to antidiuretic hormone?
a. Increased heart rate and force of contraction
b. Secretion of cortisol
c. Increased retention of water
d. Breakdown of fat
ANS: C
Antidiuretic hormone leads to increased retention of water in the body. Epinephrine causes
increases in heart rate and force of contraction. Increased cortisol secretion is due to ACTH.
Breakdown of fat is due to glucagon.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering
2. During which phase of the cell cycle is DNA synthesized?
a. G1
b. S
c. G2
d. M
ANS: B
The four designated phases of the cell cycle are: (1) the G1 phase (G = gap), which is the
period between the M phase (M = mitosis) and the start of DNA synthesis; (2) the S phase (S
= synthesis), during which DNA is synthesized in the cell nucleus; (3) the G2 phase, during
which RNA and protein synthesis occurs, the period between the completion of DNA
synthesis and the next phase (M); and (4) the M phase, which includes nuclear and
cytoplasmic division.
, PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering
3. What organic compound facilitates transportation across cell membranes by acting as
receptors, transport channels for electrolytes, and enzymes to drive active pumps?
a. Lipids
b. Proteases
c. Proteins
d. Carbohydrates
ANS: C
Proteins have several functions, including acting as receptors, transport channels for
electrolytes, and enzymes to drive active pumps Lipids help act as the “glue” holding cell
membranes together. Proteases cause the breakdown of protein. Carbohydrates are involved in
cellular protection and lubrication and help produce energy via oxidative phosphorylation.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering
4. Understanding the various steps of proteolytic cascades may be useful in designing drug
therapy for which human diseases?
a. Cardiac and vascular disorders
b. Autoimmune and malignant disorders
c. Gastrointestinal and renal disorders
d. Endocrine and gastrointestinal disorders
ANS: B
Understanding the various steps involved in this process is crucial for designing drug
interventions. Dysregulation of proteases features prominently in many human diseases,
including cancer, autoimmunity, and neurodegenerative disorders. Cardiac, vascular,
gastrointestinal, renal, and endocrine disorders do not involve this process.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering
5. Which structure prevents water-soluble molecules from entering cells across the plasma
membrane?
a. Carbohydrate chains
b. Glycoprotein channels
