NR507 ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY FINAL
EXAM 2026 QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS
GRADED A+
◉ Hypersensitivity: Type 2. Answer: Type 2: Cytotoxic reaction; tissue
specific (ex: thyroid tissue)
Macrophages are the primary effectors cells involved
Can cause tissue damage or alter function
Grave's disease (hyperthyroidism) - example of altering thyroid
function, but does not destroy thyroid tissue
Incompatible blood type- example of cell/tissue damage that occurs;
severe transfusion reaction occurs and the transfused erythrocytes are
destroyed by agglutination or complement-mediated lysis.
◉ Type 1 Hypersensitivity VS. Type 2 Hypersensitivity. Answer: Type 1
Hypersensitivity
Organ Specific
Antibody binds to the antigen on the cell surface
,Type 2 Hypersensitivity
Not Organ Specific
Antibody binds to the soluble antigen outside the cell surface that was
released into the blood or body fluids, and the complex is then deposited
in the tissues
◉ Hypersensitivity: Type 3 - Examples. Answer: Rheumatoid arthritis:
Antigen/antibodies are deposited in the joints
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)- very closely related to
autoimmunity- antigen/antibodies deposit in organs that cause tissue
damage
◉ Hypersensitivity: Type 4. Answer: Delayed response
Does not involve antigen/antibody complexes like Types 1, 2 and 3
Is T-cell mediated
◉ Differentiating Between the Rash of a Type 1 vs. Type 4 Reaction:.
Answer: Type 1: Immediate hypersensitivity reactions, termed atopic
dermatitis, are usually characterized by widely distributed lesions
, Type 4: Contact dermatitis (delayed hypersensitivity) consists of lesions
only at the site of contact with the allergen
The key determinant is the timing of the rash:
-Type 1 = Immediate
-Type 4 = Delayed: Several days following contact, ex would be poison
ivy
◉ Treatment of Type 4 Rash. Answer: A non-severe case of contact
dermatitis would be treated with topical corticosteroid.
Why not epinephrine or antihistamines?
-Epinephrine is for emergent Type 1 anaphylactic reactions.
Antihistamines act on the H1 receptors. Type 4 does not involve mast
cells and H1 receptors.
Antibiotics not appropriate since not an infection
◉ Autoimmunity. Answer: Autoimmune disease can be familial,
Affected family members may not all develop the same disease, but
several members may have different disorders characterized by a variety
of hypersensitivity reactions, These include autoimmune and allergic
reactions
EXAM 2026 QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS
GRADED A+
◉ Hypersensitivity: Type 2. Answer: Type 2: Cytotoxic reaction; tissue
specific (ex: thyroid tissue)
Macrophages are the primary effectors cells involved
Can cause tissue damage or alter function
Grave's disease (hyperthyroidism) - example of altering thyroid
function, but does not destroy thyroid tissue
Incompatible blood type- example of cell/tissue damage that occurs;
severe transfusion reaction occurs and the transfused erythrocytes are
destroyed by agglutination or complement-mediated lysis.
◉ Type 1 Hypersensitivity VS. Type 2 Hypersensitivity. Answer: Type 1
Hypersensitivity
Organ Specific
Antibody binds to the antigen on the cell surface
,Type 2 Hypersensitivity
Not Organ Specific
Antibody binds to the soluble antigen outside the cell surface that was
released into the blood or body fluids, and the complex is then deposited
in the tissues
◉ Hypersensitivity: Type 3 - Examples. Answer: Rheumatoid arthritis:
Antigen/antibodies are deposited in the joints
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)- very closely related to
autoimmunity- antigen/antibodies deposit in organs that cause tissue
damage
◉ Hypersensitivity: Type 4. Answer: Delayed response
Does not involve antigen/antibody complexes like Types 1, 2 and 3
Is T-cell mediated
◉ Differentiating Between the Rash of a Type 1 vs. Type 4 Reaction:.
Answer: Type 1: Immediate hypersensitivity reactions, termed atopic
dermatitis, are usually characterized by widely distributed lesions
, Type 4: Contact dermatitis (delayed hypersensitivity) consists of lesions
only at the site of contact with the allergen
The key determinant is the timing of the rash:
-Type 1 = Immediate
-Type 4 = Delayed: Several days following contact, ex would be poison
ivy
◉ Treatment of Type 4 Rash. Answer: A non-severe case of contact
dermatitis would be treated with topical corticosteroid.
Why not epinephrine or antihistamines?
-Epinephrine is for emergent Type 1 anaphylactic reactions.
Antihistamines act on the H1 receptors. Type 4 does not involve mast
cells and H1 receptors.
Antibiotics not appropriate since not an infection
◉ Autoimmunity. Answer: Autoimmune disease can be familial,
Affected family members may not all develop the same disease, but
several members may have different disorders characterized by a variety
of hypersensitivity reactions, These include autoimmune and allergic
reactions
