g
g MedConnoisseurg©g2022g
,g
Chapterg01:gHealth:gAgCommunitygViewgNies:g
Community/PublicgHealthgNursing,g8thgEditiong
g
g
g
MULTIPLEgCHOICEg
g
1. WhichgbestgdescribesgthegprimarygreasongthatgAmericansgaregconcernedgaboutghealthgcare?g
a. Politiciansgaregdiscussingghowgtogimproveghealthgcare.g
b. Thegmediaghasgprovidedgmixedgmessagesgaboutgtheghealthgcaregsystem.g
c. Ourgnationalghealthgcaregcostsgkeepgincreasing.g
d. ThegnewghealthgcaregsystemgoffersgfreegservicesgtogAmericans.g
ANS:gCg
Thegprimarygreasongforgthegfocusgonghealthgcaregisgthegconstantlygincreasinggcosts,gwhichgcan
notgbegsustained.gThegcostsgofgcaringgforgthegsickgaccountedgforgthegmajoritygofgescalatingghe
althgcaregdollars,gwhichgincreasedgfromg5.7%gofgtheggrossgdomesticgproductging1965gtog17.8%
ging2015.gPoliticiansgandgthegmediagbothginfluencegAmericans’gperceptionsgaboutghealthgcare;
ghowever,gtheygaregnotgthegprimarygreasongwhygAmericansgaregconcerned.gThegnewghealthgca
regsystemgwillgchangegtheghealthgcaregaccessgandgavailability,gbutgwillgnotgnecessarilygbegoffe
ringganygfreegservicesgtogAmericans.g
g
DIF:gCognitivegLevel:gUnderstandg(Comprehension)g
g
2. Agnurseghasgbegungtoglobbygwithgpoliticiansgforgchangesgtogtheghealthgcaregsystem.gWhygisgth
isginvolvementgimportant?g
a. Nurses,gasgcentralgcharactersgingseveralgpopulargTVgseries,garegcurrentlygverygvisiblegingA
mericangmediNa.g
b. NursesgaregprimarilygresponUsibSlegfoNrgmTanagingOthegvariousgunitsgingourghealthgca
regsystem.g
c. Nursesgaregtheglargestgsegmentgofghealthgcaregproviders.g
d. Nursesgaregthegonlyggroupgthatgisgemployedgbothginsidegandgoutsidegofghospitals.g
ANS:gCg
Asgtheglargestgsegmentgofghealthgcaregproviders,gnursesgareginformedgaboutgthegcurrentghealth
gcaregsystemgandgallgthegproblemsgthatgresultgfromgpeoplegnotgseekinggcareguntilgtheygaregdesp
eratelygill.gNurses,gasgthegAmericangNursesgAssociationg(ANA)gemphasize,gusuallygbelievegth
atghealthgcaregisgagright,gnotgagprivilege.gTherefore,gnurses,gwhosegworkgisgcentralgtogourgcurre
ntghealthgcaregdeliverygsystem,gcangalsogbeginstrumentalgingworkinggpoliticallygtogcreategaghea
lthgcaregdeliverygsystemgthatgwillgmeetghealthgneeds.gWhilegnursesgaregingseveralgcurrentgTVg
seriesgandgaregemployedgbothginsidegandgoutsidegofghospitals,gphysiciansgandgotherghealthgcar
egprovidersgaregasgwell.gNursesgaregoftengmanagers,gbutgmanagersgoftenghavegothergbackgrou
nds,gsuchgasgbusinessgadministration.g
g
DIF:gCognitivegLevel:gUnderstandg(Comprehension)g
g
3. Whatgconclusiongcangbegdrawngfromgexamininggwheregnursesgaregemployed?g
a. Theregisgagtrendgtowardgconsolidationgofghealthgcaregintoglargegcentralgmedicalg
centers.g
b. Theregisgangincreasedgemphasisgongcommunity-basedghealthgcare.g
c. Theregisgangobviousgneedgtogdecreaseghealthgcaregcostsgbygcuttinggpositions.g
d. Managedgcaregorganizationsg(MCOs)garegemployinggnursesgtogimprovegcustomerg
g MedConnoisseurg©g2022g
,g
relations.g
ANS:gBg
MCOsgaregemployinggnursesgingmanygcapacities.gAlthoughghospitalsgaregclosinggandgacutegca
regisgincreasinglygfoundgingcentralgmedicalgcenters,gthegsamegtrendgmaygbegseengingangincreas
egingneighborhood-
basedgpracticegcenters.gWhilegpositionsgaregcutgingmostgindustries,ghealthgcaregisgrecognizedga
sgangareagwhereggrowthgingemploymentgisgexpected.gHowever,gnursesgaregincreasinglygemplo
yedgingcommunitygsettingsgasgopposedgtoghospitals.gThisgchangegreflectsgthegmovegtowardgco
mmunity-basedgcaregrathergthanghospital-
basedgtertiarygcare.gToghelpgdecreasegthegcontinuedgriseginghealthgcaregcosts,gthegincreasedgem
phasisgisgongdiseasegpreventiongrathergthanghigh-costgtreatment.g
g
DIF:gCognitivegLevel:gUnderstandg(Comprehension)g
g
4. Whichgethicalgbeliefgwouldgbegmostghelpfulgingthegcurrentghealthgcaregcrisis?g
a. Emphasisgshouldgbegongindividualgandgcorporationgfreedomgingthegmarketplace.g
b. Emphasisgshouldgbegongindividualgautonomygandgfreedomgofgchoice.g
c. Emphasisgshouldgbegongsocialgjusticegandgcollectivegresponsibility.g
d. Emphasisgshouldgbegongthegeffectivenessgofgtechnologygingresolvinggproblems.g
ANS:gCg
Publicghealthgrecognizesgthegnecessitygofgcollectivegactiongingkeepinggthegenvironmentgsafega
ndgingegalitariangtraditiongandgvision.gAngoverinvestmentgingtechnologygandgseekinggofgcuresg
withingthegmarketgjusticegsystemghasgstifledgthegevolutiongofgaghealthgsystemgtogprotectgandgp
reservegtheghealthgofgthegpopulation.gAlthoughgindividualgautonomygandgfreedomgofgchoicega
regimportant,gsogisgthegrecognitiongofgcollectivegresponsibilitygingensuringgsocialgjustice,gwhic
hgentitlesgallgpeoplegtogbasicgnecessities.gDIF:gCognitivegLevel:gApplyg(Application)g
g
5. WhatgisgthegprimarygproblemgseengingHealthygPeopleg2020’sgemphasisgongchoosingghealthygli
festylegbehaviors,gsuchgasgdailygexercisegorghealthygfoodgchoices?g
a. Emphasisgongotherglifestylegchoices,gsuchgasgnotgsmokinggandgminimalgusegofgalcoholgorg
drugs,gisgalsogneeded.g
b. Allgofgusgmustgworkgtogethergtogmakegunhealthygbehaviorsgsociallygunacceptable.g
c. Itgcostsgmoregtogmakeghealthygchoices,gsuchgasgbuyinggandgeatinggfreshgfruitsgandgvegetab
lesgasgopposedgtogquickgandgcheapgfast-foodgchoices.g
d. Publicgpolicygemphasizesgpersonalgresponsibilitygbutgignoresgsocialgandgenvironmentalgch
angesgneededgforgwell-being.g
ANS:gDg
Althoughgallgresponsesgaregaccurate,gthegprimarygproblemgisgthegemphasisgongpersonalgchoice
sgingthegHealthygPeopleg2020gobjectives.gEmphasisgongpersonalgchoicesgignoresgthegneedgforg
communitygresponsibilitygandgactiongthatgaddressesgenvironmentalgorgculturalgrestraintsgtoghe
alth.g
g
DIF:gCognitivegLevel:gApplyg(Application)g
g
6. WhatgresponsibilitygdoesgthegAmericangNursesgAssociationg(ANA)gCodegofgEthicsgrequiregof
gthegnursegbeyondggivinggexcellentgcaregtogpatients?g
a. Acceptglongergworkgschedulesgtogensuregthatgprofessionalgcaregisgalwaysgavailableg
g
togclients.g
b. Recognizegthegneedgforgexperiencedgnursesgtogmentorgnewggraduatesgtoghelpgincreasegand
gexpandgthegnumbergofgprofessionalsgavailable.g
g MedConnoisseurg©g2022g
, c. Supportghealthglegislationgtogimprovegaccessibilitygandgcostgofghealthgcare.g
d. Volunteergtogworkgovertimegasgneededgtogensuregmaximumgqualitygofgcare.g
ANS:gCg
ThegANAgCodegofgEthicsgpromotesgsocialgreformgbygfocusinggonghealthgpolicygandglegislatio
ngtogpositivelygaffectgaccessibility,gquality,gandgcostgofghealthgcare.gThegcodegdoesgnotgdirectl
ygaddressgworkplacegissues,gsuchgasgworkgschedulesgorgneedgforgovertime.g
g
DIF:gCognitivegLevel:gAnalyzeg(Analysis)g
g
7. Whatgisgthegcommunityghealthgnursinggdefinitiongofghealth?g
a. Healthgisgagperson’sggoal-directedgpurposefulgprocessgtowardgwell-beinggorgwholeness.g
b. Healthgisgangindividual’sgphysical,gmental,gandgsocialgwell-
being,gnotgmerelygthegabsencegofgdiseasegorginfirmity.g
c. Healthgisgthegmutualgadaptationgbetweengagpersongandghisgorghergenvironmentgingmeetingg
dailygexistence.g
d. Healthgisgfamiliesgandgaggregatesgchoosinggactionsgtogensuregsafetygandgwell-being.g
ANS:gDg
Thegtextgstressesgthatghealthgisgnotgjustgthegresultgofgangindividual’sgchoices,gbutgchoicesgandg
actionsgofgindividuals,gfamilies,ggroups,gandgcommunitiesgthatgleadgtogbetterghealth.g
DIF:gCognitivegLevel:gApplyg(Application)g
8. Howgdoesgcommunityghealthgnursinggdefinegcommunity?g
a. Aggroupgofgpersonsglivinggwithingspecificggeographicgboundariesg
b. Aggroupgofgpersonsgwhogsharegagcommongidentitygandgenvironmentg
c. Aggroupgofgpersonsgwhogworkgtogethergtogmeetgcommonggoalsg
d. Aggroupgofgpersonsgwhogresolvegagcommunitygconcerng
ANS:gBg
Communityghealthgnursesgworkgwithgbothggeopoliticalggroupsg(withingspecificggeographicgbo
undaries)gandgphenomenologicalggroupsg(whoghavegagcommongidentitygbasedgongculture,ghist
ory,gorggoals).gAgparticulargphenomenologicalggroupgmaygorgmaygnotghavegbeengagplannedggr
oup—
thatgis,gaggroupgthatgcamegtogethergtogresolvegagrecognizedgcommongproblemgorgtogmeetgagco
mmonggoal.gHowever,gofgallgthegchoices,gaggroupgofgpersonsgwhogsharegagcommongidentityg(
phenomenologicalggroup)gandgenvironmentg(whichgimpliesgagspecificggeographicgsetting)gisgt
hegbroadestgandgmostgcompletegdefinition.g
g
DIF:gCognitivegLevel:gApplyg(Application)g
g
9. Whichgvariableghasgagmajorginfluencegongagcommunity’sghealth?g
a. Behaviorgchoicesgmadegbygpersonsgingthegcommunityg
b. Numbergofghealthgcaregprovidersgandghospitalsgingthegcommunityg
c. Qualitygofgthegpublicgsafetygofficersg(policegofficers,gfirefighters,getc.)g
d. Thegnumbergandgcredentialsgofgpublicghealthgofficialsgingthegcommunityg
ANS:gAg
Individualgbehaviorgchoicesgaregresponsiblegforgaboutg50%gofghealthgoutcomes.gIndividualgch
oicesgaregaffectedgthroughginteractiongwithgothergindividuals,gandgtheirgmutualgsocialgandgphy
sicalgenvironments.gThegnumbergofghealthgcaregprovidersghasgnotgplayedgagmajorgrolegingthegh
ealthgoutcomesgingthegcommunitygingcomparisongtogindividualghealthgbehaviors.gThegqualityg
ofgpublicgsafetygofficersgandgnumbergofgpublicghealthgofficialsghavegnotgbeengidentifiedgasgma
jorgcontributorsgtogthegdeterminantsgofghealth.g
g
g MedConnoisseurg©g2022g
g MedConnoisseurg©g2022g
,g
Chapterg01:gHealth:gAgCommunitygViewgNies:g
Community/PublicgHealthgNursing,g8thgEditiong
g
g
g
MULTIPLEgCHOICEg
g
1. WhichgbestgdescribesgthegprimarygreasongthatgAmericansgaregconcernedgaboutghealthgcare?g
a. Politiciansgaregdiscussingghowgtogimproveghealthgcare.g
b. Thegmediaghasgprovidedgmixedgmessagesgaboutgtheghealthgcaregsystem.g
c. Ourgnationalghealthgcaregcostsgkeepgincreasing.g
d. ThegnewghealthgcaregsystemgoffersgfreegservicesgtogAmericans.g
ANS:gCg
Thegprimarygreasongforgthegfocusgonghealthgcaregisgthegconstantlygincreasinggcosts,gwhichgcan
notgbegsustained.gThegcostsgofgcaringgforgthegsickgaccountedgforgthegmajoritygofgescalatingghe
althgcaregdollars,gwhichgincreasedgfromg5.7%gofgtheggrossgdomesticgproductging1965gtog17.8%
ging2015.gPoliticiansgandgthegmediagbothginfluencegAmericans’gperceptionsgaboutghealthgcare;
ghowever,gtheygaregnotgthegprimarygreasongwhygAmericansgaregconcerned.gThegnewghealthgca
regsystemgwillgchangegtheghealthgcaregaccessgandgavailability,gbutgwillgnotgnecessarilygbegoffe
ringganygfreegservicesgtogAmericans.g
g
DIF:gCognitivegLevel:gUnderstandg(Comprehension)g
g
2. Agnurseghasgbegungtoglobbygwithgpoliticiansgforgchangesgtogtheghealthgcaregsystem.gWhygisgth
isginvolvementgimportant?g
a. Nurses,gasgcentralgcharactersgingseveralgpopulargTVgseries,garegcurrentlygverygvisiblegingA
mericangmediNa.g
b. NursesgaregprimarilygresponUsibSlegfoNrgmTanagingOthegvariousgunitsgingourghealthgca
regsystem.g
c. Nursesgaregtheglargestgsegmentgofghealthgcaregproviders.g
d. Nursesgaregthegonlyggroupgthatgisgemployedgbothginsidegandgoutsidegofghospitals.g
ANS:gCg
Asgtheglargestgsegmentgofghealthgcaregproviders,gnursesgareginformedgaboutgthegcurrentghealth
gcaregsystemgandgallgthegproblemsgthatgresultgfromgpeoplegnotgseekinggcareguntilgtheygaregdesp
eratelygill.gNurses,gasgthegAmericangNursesgAssociationg(ANA)gemphasize,gusuallygbelievegth
atghealthgcaregisgagright,gnotgagprivilege.gTherefore,gnurses,gwhosegworkgisgcentralgtogourgcurre
ntghealthgcaregdeliverygsystem,gcangalsogbeginstrumentalgingworkinggpoliticallygtogcreategaghea
lthgcaregdeliverygsystemgthatgwillgmeetghealthgneeds.gWhilegnursesgaregingseveralgcurrentgTVg
seriesgandgaregemployedgbothginsidegandgoutsidegofghospitals,gphysiciansgandgotherghealthgcar
egprovidersgaregasgwell.gNursesgaregoftengmanagers,gbutgmanagersgoftenghavegothergbackgrou
nds,gsuchgasgbusinessgadministration.g
g
DIF:gCognitivegLevel:gUnderstandg(Comprehension)g
g
3. Whatgconclusiongcangbegdrawngfromgexamininggwheregnursesgaregemployed?g
a. Theregisgagtrendgtowardgconsolidationgofghealthgcaregintoglargegcentralgmedicalg
centers.g
b. Theregisgangincreasedgemphasisgongcommunity-basedghealthgcare.g
c. Theregisgangobviousgneedgtogdecreaseghealthgcaregcostsgbygcuttinggpositions.g
d. Managedgcaregorganizationsg(MCOs)garegemployinggnursesgtogimprovegcustomerg
g MedConnoisseurg©g2022g
,g
relations.g
ANS:gBg
MCOsgaregemployinggnursesgingmanygcapacities.gAlthoughghospitalsgaregclosinggandgacutegca
regisgincreasinglygfoundgingcentralgmedicalgcenters,gthegsamegtrendgmaygbegseengingangincreas
egingneighborhood-
basedgpracticegcenters.gWhilegpositionsgaregcutgingmostgindustries,ghealthgcaregisgrecognizedga
sgangareagwhereggrowthgingemploymentgisgexpected.gHowever,gnursesgaregincreasinglygemplo
yedgingcommunitygsettingsgasgopposedgtoghospitals.gThisgchangegreflectsgthegmovegtowardgco
mmunity-basedgcaregrathergthanghospital-
basedgtertiarygcare.gToghelpgdecreasegthegcontinuedgriseginghealthgcaregcosts,gthegincreasedgem
phasisgisgongdiseasegpreventiongrathergthanghigh-costgtreatment.g
g
DIF:gCognitivegLevel:gUnderstandg(Comprehension)g
g
4. Whichgethicalgbeliefgwouldgbegmostghelpfulgingthegcurrentghealthgcaregcrisis?g
a. Emphasisgshouldgbegongindividualgandgcorporationgfreedomgingthegmarketplace.g
b. Emphasisgshouldgbegongindividualgautonomygandgfreedomgofgchoice.g
c. Emphasisgshouldgbegongsocialgjusticegandgcollectivegresponsibility.g
d. Emphasisgshouldgbegongthegeffectivenessgofgtechnologygingresolvinggproblems.g
ANS:gCg
Publicghealthgrecognizesgthegnecessitygofgcollectivegactiongingkeepinggthegenvironmentgsafega
ndgingegalitariangtraditiongandgvision.gAngoverinvestmentgingtechnologygandgseekinggofgcuresg
withingthegmarketgjusticegsystemghasgstifledgthegevolutiongofgaghealthgsystemgtogprotectgandgp
reservegtheghealthgofgthegpopulation.gAlthoughgindividualgautonomygandgfreedomgofgchoicega
regimportant,gsogisgthegrecognitiongofgcollectivegresponsibilitygingensuringgsocialgjustice,gwhic
hgentitlesgallgpeoplegtogbasicgnecessities.gDIF:gCognitivegLevel:gApplyg(Application)g
g
5. WhatgisgthegprimarygproblemgseengingHealthygPeopleg2020’sgemphasisgongchoosingghealthygli
festylegbehaviors,gsuchgasgdailygexercisegorghealthygfoodgchoices?g
a. Emphasisgongotherglifestylegchoices,gsuchgasgnotgsmokinggandgminimalgusegofgalcoholgorg
drugs,gisgalsogneeded.g
b. Allgofgusgmustgworkgtogethergtogmakegunhealthygbehaviorsgsociallygunacceptable.g
c. Itgcostsgmoregtogmakeghealthygchoices,gsuchgasgbuyinggandgeatinggfreshgfruitsgandgvegetab
lesgasgopposedgtogquickgandgcheapgfast-foodgchoices.g
d. Publicgpolicygemphasizesgpersonalgresponsibilitygbutgignoresgsocialgandgenvironmentalgch
angesgneededgforgwell-being.g
ANS:gDg
Althoughgallgresponsesgaregaccurate,gthegprimarygproblemgisgthegemphasisgongpersonalgchoice
sgingthegHealthygPeopleg2020gobjectives.gEmphasisgongpersonalgchoicesgignoresgthegneedgforg
communitygresponsibilitygandgactiongthatgaddressesgenvironmentalgorgculturalgrestraintsgtoghe
alth.g
g
DIF:gCognitivegLevel:gApplyg(Application)g
g
6. WhatgresponsibilitygdoesgthegAmericangNursesgAssociationg(ANA)gCodegofgEthicsgrequiregof
gthegnursegbeyondggivinggexcellentgcaregtogpatients?g
a. Acceptglongergworkgschedulesgtogensuregthatgprofessionalgcaregisgalwaysgavailableg
g
togclients.g
b. Recognizegthegneedgforgexperiencedgnursesgtogmentorgnewggraduatesgtoghelpgincreasegand
gexpandgthegnumbergofgprofessionalsgavailable.g
g MedConnoisseurg©g2022g
, c. Supportghealthglegislationgtogimprovegaccessibilitygandgcostgofghealthgcare.g
d. Volunteergtogworkgovertimegasgneededgtogensuregmaximumgqualitygofgcare.g
ANS:gCg
ThegANAgCodegofgEthicsgpromotesgsocialgreformgbygfocusinggonghealthgpolicygandglegislatio
ngtogpositivelygaffectgaccessibility,gquality,gandgcostgofghealthgcare.gThegcodegdoesgnotgdirectl
ygaddressgworkplacegissues,gsuchgasgworkgschedulesgorgneedgforgovertime.g
g
DIF:gCognitivegLevel:gAnalyzeg(Analysis)g
g
7. Whatgisgthegcommunityghealthgnursinggdefinitiongofghealth?g
a. Healthgisgagperson’sggoal-directedgpurposefulgprocessgtowardgwell-beinggorgwholeness.g
b. Healthgisgangindividual’sgphysical,gmental,gandgsocialgwell-
being,gnotgmerelygthegabsencegofgdiseasegorginfirmity.g
c. Healthgisgthegmutualgadaptationgbetweengagpersongandghisgorghergenvironmentgingmeetingg
dailygexistence.g
d. Healthgisgfamiliesgandgaggregatesgchoosinggactionsgtogensuregsafetygandgwell-being.g
ANS:gDg
Thegtextgstressesgthatghealthgisgnotgjustgthegresultgofgangindividual’sgchoices,gbutgchoicesgandg
actionsgofgindividuals,gfamilies,ggroups,gandgcommunitiesgthatgleadgtogbetterghealth.g
DIF:gCognitivegLevel:gApplyg(Application)g
8. Howgdoesgcommunityghealthgnursinggdefinegcommunity?g
a. Aggroupgofgpersonsglivinggwithingspecificggeographicgboundariesg
b. Aggroupgofgpersonsgwhogsharegagcommongidentitygandgenvironmentg
c. Aggroupgofgpersonsgwhogworkgtogethergtogmeetgcommonggoalsg
d. Aggroupgofgpersonsgwhogresolvegagcommunitygconcerng
ANS:gBg
Communityghealthgnursesgworkgwithgbothggeopoliticalggroupsg(withingspecificggeographicgbo
undaries)gandgphenomenologicalggroupsg(whoghavegagcommongidentitygbasedgongculture,ghist
ory,gorggoals).gAgparticulargphenomenologicalggroupgmaygorgmaygnotghavegbeengagplannedggr
oup—
thatgis,gaggroupgthatgcamegtogethergtogresolvegagrecognizedgcommongproblemgorgtogmeetgagco
mmonggoal.gHowever,gofgallgthegchoices,gaggroupgofgpersonsgwhogsharegagcommongidentityg(
phenomenologicalggroup)gandgenvironmentg(whichgimpliesgagspecificggeographicgsetting)gisgt
hegbroadestgandgmostgcompletegdefinition.g
g
DIF:gCognitivegLevel:gApplyg(Application)g
g
9. Whichgvariableghasgagmajorginfluencegongagcommunity’sghealth?g
a. Behaviorgchoicesgmadegbygpersonsgingthegcommunityg
b. Numbergofghealthgcaregprovidersgandghospitalsgingthegcommunityg
c. Qualitygofgthegpublicgsafetygofficersg(policegofficers,gfirefighters,getc.)g
d. Thegnumbergandgcredentialsgofgpublicghealthgofficialsgingthegcommunityg
ANS:gAg
Individualgbehaviorgchoicesgaregresponsiblegforgaboutg50%gofghealthgoutcomes.gIndividualgch
oicesgaregaffectedgthroughginteractiongwithgothergindividuals,gandgtheirgmutualgsocialgandgphy
sicalgenvironments.gThegnumbergofghealthgcaregprovidersghasgnotgplayedgagmajorgrolegingthegh
ealthgoutcomesgingthegcommunitygingcomparisongtogindividualghealthgbehaviors.gThegqualityg
ofgpublicgsafetygofficersgandgnumbergofgpublicghealthgofficialsghavegnotgbeengidentifiedgasgma
jorgcontributorsgtogthegdeterminantsgofghealth.g
g
g MedConnoisseurg©g2022g
