Galen NUR 210 Exam 1 Modules 1-3 Galen
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Morphine ..........ANSWER.......Classification: opioid analgesic
Uses: moderate to severe pain, SOB
Side Effects: constipation, urinary retention, rash, orthostatic hypotension
Adverse Effects: respiratory depression, psychological dependence, miosis
(small pupils), sedation, blurred vision, euphoria
Contraindications: CNS or respiratory depression, asthma, increased ICP
Interactions: CNS depressants, alcohol
Eval/Monitor/Teach: avoid alcohol, may decrease respiratory rate, monitor
VS, orthostatic hypotension (falls risk), confusion decreased LOC in elderly
Sumatriptan (Imitrex) ..........ANSWER.......Classification: selective serotonin
receptor agonist Uses: migraines, cluster headaches
Action: vasoconstriction of cranial arteries
Side Effects: dizziness, vertigo, drowsiness Adverse Effects: suicidal
ideations, hypo/hypertension, bradycardia, dysrhythmias, cardiac arrest
Contraindications: cardiovascular disease, uncontrolled HTN, liver failure,
pregnancy
Interactions: SSRIs, MAOIs
Eval/Monitor/Teach: monitor VS, administer before pain escalates, avoid
MAOIs and SSRIs, stress management, avoid migraine triggers
Naloxone (Narcan) ..........ANSWER.......Classification: opioid antagonist
,Uses: opioid overdose
Side Effects: sweating, flushing, agitation, dyspnea, elevated PTT, bleeding
Adverse Effects: reversal of analgesia, hypo/hypertension, tachycardia
Contraindications: use caution in patients with cardiac disease
Interactions: opioids, topiramate
Eval/Monitor/Teach: monitor VS and respiratory status, if using opioids for
pain using naloxone will cause pain to return
Amphetamines and amphetamine-like drugs ..........ANSWER.......•CNS
stimulant
•Used for ADHD and narcolepsy (excessive daytime sleepiness)
•Can produce euphoria (seeing things) and increased alertness
•Can also cause insomnia (can't sleep), restlessness, tremors, irritability,
weight loss
•Can also cause cardiovascular problems (high blood pressure, tachycardia,
palpitations)
•Other adverse reactions: dry mouth, diarrhea, seizure
•Don't take in evening
•Nursing process page 200
•High potential for building up tolerance, abuse
•Monitoring weight, sleep patterns, anxiety, foods (caffeine)
•You can have withdrawal, tapper dosage down when trying to stop taking,
make sure you eat in the morning due to not feeling hungry
Methylphenidate ..........ANSWER.......Classification: stimulant
Uses: ADHD, narcolepsy
,Actions: Stimulates release of norepinephrine and dopamine
Side Effects: nervousness, anorexia, restlessness, tremors, insomnia, dry
mouth
Adverse Effects: tachycardia, HTN, growth suppression Contraindications:
HTN, hyperthyroidism, CAD, history of seizures
Interactions: other stimulants, caffeine, anticoagulants, barbiturates,
anticonvulsants, decrease effects of antihypertensive meds
Eval/Monitor/Teach: avoid caffeine and other stimulants, monitor for
changes in mood, sugarless gum/candy for dry mouth, take in am, before
meals, eat good breakfast due to anorexia effects, monitor weight, report
palpations (tachy)
Phenytoin ..........ANSWER.......Classification: anticonvulsant
Action: reduces motor activity, acts on sodium/calcium channel
Uses: epilepsy, seizure prevention
Side Effects: HA, dizziness, drowsiness, slurred speech, gingival hyperplasia,
harmless urine discoloration Adverse Effects: thrombocytopenia, leukopenia,
suicidal ideation, hyperglycemia
Contraindications: pregnancy, NSAIDs, anticoagulants Interactions: folic
acid, anticoagulants, decrease effectiveness of oral contraceptives, Vit K,
diazepam Eval/Monitor/Teach: avoid alcohol, monitor for seizure activity,
monitor for bleeding, teach good oral hygiene (gingival hyperplasia), highly
protein bound, therapeutic range: 10-20
Phenobarbital ..........ANSWER.......Classification: barbiturate
Uses: seizures
Action: Stops status epilepticus
Side Effects: dizziness, drowsiness, loss of appetite, nausea
, Adverse Effects: dependency, respiratory depression, coma
Contraindications: pregnancy
Interactions: anticoagulants, disulfiram, doxycycline, hormone replacement
therapy
Eval/Monitor/Teach: monitor therapeutic serum levels, do not stop abruptly,
monitor RR
Diazepam ..........ANSWER.......Diazepam IV for status epilepticus along with
phenytoin/phenobarbital
Valproic Acid ..........ANSWER.......Classification: antiepileptic, valproate
Uses: chronic seizures
Side Effects: N/V/D, HA, blurred vision, dizziness, drowsiness, hair loss,
weight gain
Adverse Effects: signs of infection, chest pain, tachycardia, rapid breathing,
loss of consciousness Contraindications: pregnancy
Interactions: amitriptyline, carbapenem antibiotics, phenytoin, lamotrigine
Eval/Monitor/Teach: take with food, monitor liver enzymes, monitor seizure
activity, monitor liver enzymes
Pregnancy ..........ANSWER.......All antiseizure meds can cause fetal
abnormalities
Antipsychotics ..........ANSWER.......•typical and atypical
•used to treat schizophrenia
•Side effects
College | 100% Correct Verified Solutions
Grade A | Pass Guaranteed - A+ Graded
Morphine ..........ANSWER.......Classification: opioid analgesic
Uses: moderate to severe pain, SOB
Side Effects: constipation, urinary retention, rash, orthostatic hypotension
Adverse Effects: respiratory depression, psychological dependence, miosis
(small pupils), sedation, blurred vision, euphoria
Contraindications: CNS or respiratory depression, asthma, increased ICP
Interactions: CNS depressants, alcohol
Eval/Monitor/Teach: avoid alcohol, may decrease respiratory rate, monitor
VS, orthostatic hypotension (falls risk), confusion decreased LOC in elderly
Sumatriptan (Imitrex) ..........ANSWER.......Classification: selective serotonin
receptor agonist Uses: migraines, cluster headaches
Action: vasoconstriction of cranial arteries
Side Effects: dizziness, vertigo, drowsiness Adverse Effects: suicidal
ideations, hypo/hypertension, bradycardia, dysrhythmias, cardiac arrest
Contraindications: cardiovascular disease, uncontrolled HTN, liver failure,
pregnancy
Interactions: SSRIs, MAOIs
Eval/Monitor/Teach: monitor VS, administer before pain escalates, avoid
MAOIs and SSRIs, stress management, avoid migraine triggers
Naloxone (Narcan) ..........ANSWER.......Classification: opioid antagonist
,Uses: opioid overdose
Side Effects: sweating, flushing, agitation, dyspnea, elevated PTT, bleeding
Adverse Effects: reversal of analgesia, hypo/hypertension, tachycardia
Contraindications: use caution in patients with cardiac disease
Interactions: opioids, topiramate
Eval/Monitor/Teach: monitor VS and respiratory status, if using opioids for
pain using naloxone will cause pain to return
Amphetamines and amphetamine-like drugs ..........ANSWER.......•CNS
stimulant
•Used for ADHD and narcolepsy (excessive daytime sleepiness)
•Can produce euphoria (seeing things) and increased alertness
•Can also cause insomnia (can't sleep), restlessness, tremors, irritability,
weight loss
•Can also cause cardiovascular problems (high blood pressure, tachycardia,
palpitations)
•Other adverse reactions: dry mouth, diarrhea, seizure
•Don't take in evening
•Nursing process page 200
•High potential for building up tolerance, abuse
•Monitoring weight, sleep patterns, anxiety, foods (caffeine)
•You can have withdrawal, tapper dosage down when trying to stop taking,
make sure you eat in the morning due to not feeling hungry
Methylphenidate ..........ANSWER.......Classification: stimulant
Uses: ADHD, narcolepsy
,Actions: Stimulates release of norepinephrine and dopamine
Side Effects: nervousness, anorexia, restlessness, tremors, insomnia, dry
mouth
Adverse Effects: tachycardia, HTN, growth suppression Contraindications:
HTN, hyperthyroidism, CAD, history of seizures
Interactions: other stimulants, caffeine, anticoagulants, barbiturates,
anticonvulsants, decrease effects of antihypertensive meds
Eval/Monitor/Teach: avoid caffeine and other stimulants, monitor for
changes in mood, sugarless gum/candy for dry mouth, take in am, before
meals, eat good breakfast due to anorexia effects, monitor weight, report
palpations (tachy)
Phenytoin ..........ANSWER.......Classification: anticonvulsant
Action: reduces motor activity, acts on sodium/calcium channel
Uses: epilepsy, seizure prevention
Side Effects: HA, dizziness, drowsiness, slurred speech, gingival hyperplasia,
harmless urine discoloration Adverse Effects: thrombocytopenia, leukopenia,
suicidal ideation, hyperglycemia
Contraindications: pregnancy, NSAIDs, anticoagulants Interactions: folic
acid, anticoagulants, decrease effectiveness of oral contraceptives, Vit K,
diazepam Eval/Monitor/Teach: avoid alcohol, monitor for seizure activity,
monitor for bleeding, teach good oral hygiene (gingival hyperplasia), highly
protein bound, therapeutic range: 10-20
Phenobarbital ..........ANSWER.......Classification: barbiturate
Uses: seizures
Action: Stops status epilepticus
Side Effects: dizziness, drowsiness, loss of appetite, nausea
, Adverse Effects: dependency, respiratory depression, coma
Contraindications: pregnancy
Interactions: anticoagulants, disulfiram, doxycycline, hormone replacement
therapy
Eval/Monitor/Teach: monitor therapeutic serum levels, do not stop abruptly,
monitor RR
Diazepam ..........ANSWER.......Diazepam IV for status epilepticus along with
phenytoin/phenobarbital
Valproic Acid ..........ANSWER.......Classification: antiepileptic, valproate
Uses: chronic seizures
Side Effects: N/V/D, HA, blurred vision, dizziness, drowsiness, hair loss,
weight gain
Adverse Effects: signs of infection, chest pain, tachycardia, rapid breathing,
loss of consciousness Contraindications: pregnancy
Interactions: amitriptyline, carbapenem antibiotics, phenytoin, lamotrigine
Eval/Monitor/Teach: take with food, monitor liver enzymes, monitor seizure
activity, monitor liver enzymes
Pregnancy ..........ANSWER.......All antiseizure meds can cause fetal
abnormalities
Antipsychotics ..........ANSWER.......•typical and atypical
•used to treat schizophrenia
•Side effects
