NRP 2026 FINAL PAPER 2026 COMPLETE
QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS
◉ considerations of polyhydramnios. Answer: decreased absorption
-esophageal atresia
-bowel obstruction
-chromosomal abnorms
-diabetes
-atypical antibodies
-fetal abnorm
-placental abnorm
-recent infection
◉ oligohydramnios definition. Answer: <200-500mL
◉ NICU considerations oligohydramnios. Answer: underproduction:
-maternal dehyrdation
-urinary tract obstruction
-loss of membranes
-maternal meds (ACE inhibitors, prostags, synthase inhibitors
-fetal lung hypoplasia (lack of practice of breathing in utero)
, -1st and 2nd trimester : contractures
◉ PROM definition. Answer: -rupture of fetal membranes
-if termed <37wks = expectant
-if <37wks: latency abx, corticosteroids, GBS prophylaxis,
magnesium
◉ chorioamnionities. Answer: intraamniotic infection
-frequently caused by ascension of pathogens from the lower genital
tract
-major cause of fetal, neonatal, maternal morbidity and mortality
-treatment: broad spectrum abx (reduce risk of neonatal infection)
w/ corticosteroids if expectant
◉ Electronic Fetal Monitoring (EFM). Answer: method that tracks
the fetus's heartbeat, either externally through the mother's
abdomen or directly by running a wire through the cervix and
placing a sensor on the fetus's scalp
-now has standardized definitions
◉ Normal FHR. Answer: Normal 11-160BPM
◉ Fetal bradycardia. Answer: mean FHR <110bpm
QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS
◉ considerations of polyhydramnios. Answer: decreased absorption
-esophageal atresia
-bowel obstruction
-chromosomal abnorms
-diabetes
-atypical antibodies
-fetal abnorm
-placental abnorm
-recent infection
◉ oligohydramnios definition. Answer: <200-500mL
◉ NICU considerations oligohydramnios. Answer: underproduction:
-maternal dehyrdation
-urinary tract obstruction
-loss of membranes
-maternal meds (ACE inhibitors, prostags, synthase inhibitors
-fetal lung hypoplasia (lack of practice of breathing in utero)
, -1st and 2nd trimester : contractures
◉ PROM definition. Answer: -rupture of fetal membranes
-if termed <37wks = expectant
-if <37wks: latency abx, corticosteroids, GBS prophylaxis,
magnesium
◉ chorioamnionities. Answer: intraamniotic infection
-frequently caused by ascension of pathogens from the lower genital
tract
-major cause of fetal, neonatal, maternal morbidity and mortality
-treatment: broad spectrum abx (reduce risk of neonatal infection)
w/ corticosteroids if expectant
◉ Electronic Fetal Monitoring (EFM). Answer: method that tracks
the fetus's heartbeat, either externally through the mother's
abdomen or directly by running a wire through the cervix and
placing a sensor on the fetus's scalp
-now has standardized definitions
◉ Normal FHR. Answer: Normal 11-160BPM
◉ Fetal bradycardia. Answer: mean FHR <110bpm
