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1. What are the relative charges Proton +1, Neutron 0, Electron -1
of protons, neutrons, and elec-
trons?
2. Define isotope. Atoms of the same element with the same number of pro-
tons but different numbers of neutrons.
3. What does the mass number rep- Total number of protons and neutrons.
resent?
4. What is the principle behind TOF Ions are accelerated and separated by their
mass spectrometry? mass-to-charge ratio.
5. What is the trend in ionisation en- Increases due to increasing nuclear charge and similar
ergy across a period? shielding.
6. Define mole. The amount of substance that contains 6.022 × 10²³ parti-
cles.
7. Formula for moles using mass? Moles = Mass / Molar Mass
8. Formula for moles in solution? Moles = Concentration × Volume (in dm³)
9. What is the molar gas volume at 24 dm³/mol
RTP?
10. What is atom economy? (Molar mass of desired product / Total molar mass of all
products) × 100
11. What are the three main types of Ionic, covalent, metallic
bonding?
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