IVCA EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
GRADED A+ 2025/2026
Sheer Forces - ANS What type of forces are present on the animal spine?
Motion Unit - ANS Two adjacent articulating surfaces and all the tissues between them
Paraphysiological space - ANS Where the chiropractor performs the adjustment
Elastic Barrier - ANS the area known as taking motion to tension, where motion is assessed,
VSC is diagnosed, and where adjustment is performed
Normal range of motion - ANS chiropractic diagnoses and adjustments are performed within
Set and Hold - ANS When adjusting animals
Thenar
Pisiform
Heel of Hand - ANS Three parts of the hand that are used for adjusting large animals
Episternal notch - ANS Two handed adjustments LOC come from the
1 @COPYRIGHT 2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
,Elbow - ANS Singled handed adjustments LOC come from
1) Body/Corpus
2) Pedicles (2)
3) Laminae - ANS Bony borders of the spinal canal
Mobility - ANS The canine transverse process is curved for more
Weight bearing - ANS The equine transverse process is straight for more
Keep Normal Range of Motion - ANS Primary job of ligaments
This portion of the disc provides stability, has outer pain fibers, less water content, and is fibrous
in textures - ANS Annulus Fibrosis
The portion of the disc is mostly water, has no nerve or blood supply, acts like ball bearing to
absorb shock, and is gelatinous in texture - ANS nucleus pulposes
How does the disc get nutrition, specifically in the nucleus pulposes? - ANS Imbibition
What is the spinal cord length in the equine? - ANS Foramen Magnum to L3
What is the spinal cord length in canine? - ANS Foramen Magnum to L5/L6
What is the spinal cord length in feline? - ANS Foramen Magnum to sacrum
2 @COPYRIGHT 2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
,This joint only exists in equines and rhinos. It provides more stability and motion. -
ANS Intertransverse Joint
What movement does the intertransverse joint allow? - ANS Flexion and Extension
What movement does the intertransverse joint limit? - ANS lateral flexion
What are the soft borders of the IVF? - ANS 1) ligamentum flavum
2) joint capsule
3) Disc
What are the bony borders of IVF? - ANS 1) Pedicles
2) Vertebral Notches
What areas in the spine do not allow for coupled motion? - ANS Occiput
C1
C2
What is the primary pivot point in the pelvis? - ANS pubic symphysis
What segment is located in between the tuber sacrales in the equine spine? - ANS S1
What is the first palpable sacral segment of the equine? - ANS S2
What is the first palpable sacral segment of canine spine? - ANS S1
3 @COPYRIGHT 2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
, What are three anatomical variations that allow for more flexion at the lumbosacral junction? -
ANS 1) Lack of supraspinous ligament
2) Last Lumbar dorsal SP is shorter
3) lumbar sp's face caudal to cranial and sacral tubercles face cranial to caudal
What is the true knee of the horse? - ANS Stifle
The sacrotuberous ligament is also called - ANS Sacrosciatic ligament
The sacroiliac joint is what type of joint? - ANS Diarthrodial joint
The dorsal portion of the SI joint is - ANS synovial
The ventral portion of the SI joint is - ANS fibrous
What motion does the SI joint create? - ANS Figure 8
The lumbosacral motion unit of the equine consists of - ANS 1 disc joint
2 Zygapophyseal joints
2 Intertransverse joints
5 Total articulating joints
The lumbosacral motion unit of the canine consists of - ANS 1 disc joint
2 Zygapophyseal joints
4 @COPYRIGHT 2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
GRADED A+ 2025/2026
Sheer Forces - ANS What type of forces are present on the animal spine?
Motion Unit - ANS Two adjacent articulating surfaces and all the tissues between them
Paraphysiological space - ANS Where the chiropractor performs the adjustment
Elastic Barrier - ANS the area known as taking motion to tension, where motion is assessed,
VSC is diagnosed, and where adjustment is performed
Normal range of motion - ANS chiropractic diagnoses and adjustments are performed within
Set and Hold - ANS When adjusting animals
Thenar
Pisiform
Heel of Hand - ANS Three parts of the hand that are used for adjusting large animals
Episternal notch - ANS Two handed adjustments LOC come from the
1 @COPYRIGHT 2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
,Elbow - ANS Singled handed adjustments LOC come from
1) Body/Corpus
2) Pedicles (2)
3) Laminae - ANS Bony borders of the spinal canal
Mobility - ANS The canine transverse process is curved for more
Weight bearing - ANS The equine transverse process is straight for more
Keep Normal Range of Motion - ANS Primary job of ligaments
This portion of the disc provides stability, has outer pain fibers, less water content, and is fibrous
in textures - ANS Annulus Fibrosis
The portion of the disc is mostly water, has no nerve or blood supply, acts like ball bearing to
absorb shock, and is gelatinous in texture - ANS nucleus pulposes
How does the disc get nutrition, specifically in the nucleus pulposes? - ANS Imbibition
What is the spinal cord length in the equine? - ANS Foramen Magnum to L3
What is the spinal cord length in canine? - ANS Foramen Magnum to L5/L6
What is the spinal cord length in feline? - ANS Foramen Magnum to sacrum
2 @COPYRIGHT 2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
,This joint only exists in equines and rhinos. It provides more stability and motion. -
ANS Intertransverse Joint
What movement does the intertransverse joint allow? - ANS Flexion and Extension
What movement does the intertransverse joint limit? - ANS lateral flexion
What are the soft borders of the IVF? - ANS 1) ligamentum flavum
2) joint capsule
3) Disc
What are the bony borders of IVF? - ANS 1) Pedicles
2) Vertebral Notches
What areas in the spine do not allow for coupled motion? - ANS Occiput
C1
C2
What is the primary pivot point in the pelvis? - ANS pubic symphysis
What segment is located in between the tuber sacrales in the equine spine? - ANS S1
What is the first palpable sacral segment of the equine? - ANS S2
What is the first palpable sacral segment of canine spine? - ANS S1
3 @COPYRIGHT 2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
, What are three anatomical variations that allow for more flexion at the lumbosacral junction? -
ANS 1) Lack of supraspinous ligament
2) Last Lumbar dorsal SP is shorter
3) lumbar sp's face caudal to cranial and sacral tubercles face cranial to caudal
What is the true knee of the horse? - ANS Stifle
The sacrotuberous ligament is also called - ANS Sacrosciatic ligament
The sacroiliac joint is what type of joint? - ANS Diarthrodial joint
The dorsal portion of the SI joint is - ANS synovial
The ventral portion of the SI joint is - ANS fibrous
What motion does the SI joint create? - ANS Figure 8
The lumbosacral motion unit of the equine consists of - ANS 1 disc joint
2 Zygapophyseal joints
2 Intertransverse joints
5 Total articulating joints
The lumbosacral motion unit of the canine consists of - ANS 1 disc joint
2 Zygapophyseal joints
4 @COPYRIGHT 2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
